Energy efficiency and consumption — the rebound effect — a survey
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of some of the relevant literature from the US offers definitions and identifies sources including direct, secondary, and economy-wide sources and concludes that the range of estimates for the size of the rebound effect is very low to moderate.
About: This article is published in Energy Policy.The article was published on 2000-06-01. It has received 1867 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Rebound effect (conservation) & Energy consumption.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the efficacy of a set of behavioral actions both initially and after considering rebound effects and find that households implementing the full set of actions without re-spending can obtain a 58% decrease in their carbon footprint.
57 citations
Cites background from "Energy efficiency and consumption —..."
...There are three main types of rebound effects; direct (respending on the same good or service as the one where money is saved), indirect (re-spending on other goods and services) and various macroeconomic effects (how the effect of the efficiency improvement or changed consumption distributes throughout the economy) (Greening et al., 2000)....
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...…direct (respending on the same good or service as the one where money is saved), indirect (re-spending on other goods and services) and various macroeconomic effects (how the effect of the efficiency improvement or changed consumption distributes throughout the economy) (Greening et al., 2000)....
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TL;DR: The authors investigated the economic impact of a 5% improvement in the UK household energy efficiency, focussing specifically on total energy rebound effects through simulations using models that have increasing degrees of endogeneity but are calibrated on a common data set, moving from a basic partial equilibrium approach to a fully specified general equilibrium treatment.
57 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors incorporated the endogenous energy efficiency into the model specification of rebound effect, and built a unified comprehensive framework for analyzing rebound effect and related issues, and applied this framework to conduct empirical analysis and comparison of heavy and light industries, considering heterogeneity across sub-industries.
57 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the form-efficiency relation in the transport sector across 57 census-defined urbanized areas in the United States in 2000 was investigated and it was shown that increase in core area population density is correlated with modest gain in energy efficiency in the urban transport sector and modest decrease in its carbon emissions.
57 citations
Posted Content•
01 Mar 2009TL;DR: This study is to support the European Parliament's ITRE Committee in its work on the EU's industrial and energy policy and to give advice on the following issues: Why is the issue of resource scarcity back on the agenda?
Abstract: Die Nachfrage nach Ressourcen wachst weiter, die Preise fur globale Guter wie Ol, Weizen und andere Rohstoffe sind in den letzten funf Jahren stetig angestiegen, obwohl die aktuelle Finanzkrise zeitweise zu einer sinkenden Nachfrage gefuhrt hat. Somit verstarkt sich der aus einer ineffizienten Ressourcennutzung resultierende Druck auf Umwelt und Wirtschaft. Eine steigende Energie- und Ressourceneffizienz wurde zu sinkenden Beschaffungskosten in allen Industriebereichen fuhren, die Wettbewerbsfahigkeit starken sowie Innovationen fordern. Diese Studie soll die Kommission ITRE des Europaischen Parlaments in ihrer Arbeit fur die europaische Industrie- und Energiepolitik unterstutzen und folgende Fragestellungen klaren: Welche Konsequenzen zieht die EU aus dem Problem der Ressourcenknappheit in Hinblick auf ihre Strategie? Welche Effekte konnen von okologischen Innovationen fur die Industrie erwartet werden? Welche Masnahmen sind geeignet, die Ziele und Erwartungen der EU zu erfullen und welche politischen Initiativen sollten vorangetrieben werden? Die Studie gibt zunachst eine uberblicksartige Darstellung zum Thema Ressourcenknappheit. Danach werden Oko-Innovationen naher vorgestellt und Entwicklungen, Hindernisse und Antriebskrafte mit einbezogen. Anschliesend werden Vorschlage fur zukunftige EU-Politiken gegeben und schlieslich ein mogliches Zukunftsszenario umrissen.
56 citations
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01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: Deaton and Muellbauer as mentioned in this paper introduced generations of students to the economic theory of consumer behaviour and used it in applied econometrics, including consumer index numbers, household characteristics, demand, and household welfare comparisons.
Abstract: This classic text has introduced generations of students to the economic theory of consumer behaviour. Written by 2015 Nobel Laureate Angus Deaton and John Muellbauer, the book begins with a self-contained presentation of the basic theory and its use in applied econometrics. These early chapters also include elementary extensions of the theory to labour supply, durable goods, the consumption function, and rationing. The rest of the book is divided into three parts. In the first of these the authors discuss restrictions on choice and aggregation problems. The next part consists of chapters on consumer index numbers; household characteristics, demand, and household welfare comparisons; and social welfare and inequality. The last part extends the coverage of consumer behaviour to include the quality of goods and household production theory, labour supply and human capital theory, the consumption function and intertemporal choice, the demand for durable goods, and choice under uncertainty.
3,952 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an industrial demand for energy is essentially a derived demand: the firm's demand for the energy is an input, derived from demand for a firm's output, which is an output.
Abstract: Industrial demand for energy is essentially a derived demand: the firm's demand for energy is an input is derived from demand for the firm's output. Inputs other than energy typically also enter the firm's production process. Since firms tend to choose that bundle of inputs which minimized the total cost of producing a giving level of output, the derived demand for inputs, including energy, depends on the level of output, the submitions possibilies among inputs allow by production technology, and the relative prices of all inputs.
1,422 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model of individual behavior in the purchase and utilization of energy-using durables is presented, where the tradeoff between capital costs for more energy efficient appliances and operating costs for the appliances is emphasized.
Abstract: This article presents a model of individual behavior in the purchase and utilization of energy-using durables. The tradeoff between capital costs for more energy efficient appliances and operating costs for the appliances is emphasized. Using data on both the purchase and utilization of room air conditioners, the model is applied to a sample of households. The utilization equation indicates a relatively low price elasticity. The purchase equation, based on a discrete choice model, demonstrates that individuals do trade off capital costs and expected operating costs. The results also show that individuals use a discount rate of about 20 percent in making the tradeoff decision and that the discount rate varies inversely with income.
1,361 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the indiscriminate use of mandated standards will backfire, but a mix of selective standards and reliance on prices as a restraint can be effective.
Abstract: Regulations which mandate appliance efficiency standards may be based on calculations which exaggerate the potential energy savings. Improved efficiency can, in fact, increase demand enough to be counterproductive unless the standards are applied selectively. As appliances improve, they are used more, new stock is demanded, and the demand for and use of related equipment increases. The policy implications of these empirical studies are that the indiscriminate use of mandated standards will backfire, but a mix of selective standards and reliance on prices as a restraint can be effective. 11 references, 5 figures, 2 tables. (DCK)
802 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a detailed study of automobile demand and use, presenting forecasts based on the powerful new techniques of qualitative choice analysis and standard regression techniques, which are combined to analyze situations that neither alone can accurately forecast.
Abstract: This book addresses two significant research areas in an interdependent fashion. It is first of all a comprehensive but concise text that covers the recently developed and widely applicable methods of qualitative choice analysis, illustrating the general theory through simulation models of automobile demand and use. It is also a detailed study of automobile demand and use, presenting forecasts based on these powerful new techniques. The book develops the general principles that underlie qualitative choice models that are now being applied in numerous fields in addition to transportation, such as housing, labor, energy, communications, and criminology. The general form, derivation, and estimation of qualitative choice models are explained, and the major models - logit, probit, and GEV - are discussed in detail. And continuous/discrete models are introduced. In these, qualitative choice methods and standard regression techniques are combined to analyze situations that neither alone can accurately forecast. Summarizing previous research on auto demand, the book shows how qualitative choice methods can be used by applying them to specific auto-related decisions as the aggregate of individuals' choices. The simulation model that is constructed is a significant improvement over older models, and should prove more useful to agencies and organizations requiring accurate forecasting of auto demand and use for planning and policy development. The book concludes with an actual case study based on a model designed for the investigations of the California Energy Commission.
726 citations