Energy efficiency and consumption — the rebound effect — a survey
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of some of the relevant literature from the US offers definitions and identifies sources including direct, secondary, and economy-wide sources and concludes that the range of estimates for the size of the rebound effect is very low to moderate.
About: This article is published in Energy Policy.The article was published on 2000-06-01. It has received 1867 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Rebound effect (conservation) & Energy consumption.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the impact of improved fuel efficiency and road network expansion on motor vehicle travel using a system dynamic panel data estimator and panel data at the state level for the 2001-2008 period.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the impacts of two types of energy efficiency technologies, interactive and fixed technologies, on residential energy consumption and householders' energy-related behavior and simultaneously examined the relationship between householders’ energy related behavior and residential consumption.
Abstract: Residential energy consumption is a major driver of climate change. This has given rise to widespread interest in energy efficiency technology as a remedy. This study examines the impacts of two types of energy efficiency technologies, interactive and fixed technologies, on residential energy consumption and householders’ energy-related behavior. The study simultaneously examines the relationship between householders’ energy-related behavior and residential energy consumption. It is grounded in two energy analytic traditions – the physical-technical-economic tradition, which privileges technical approaches to curtailing energy consumption, and the lifestyle and social-behavioral tradition, which is less optimistic about technical fixes. Analysis of three waves of the Residential Energy Consumption Survey reveals mixed relationships between energy efficiency technologies and residential energy consumption and behavior. Use of a programmable thermostat, which exemplifies interactive energy efficiency technologies, is found to drive more energy consumption. This variable, however, exerts no influence on householders’ home temperature setting behaviors. Insulation and use of energy-efficient windows, which exemplify fixed energy efficiency technologies, are negatively related to residential energy consumption. These variables also exert influence on householders’ home heating and cooling temperature setting behaviors. These findings suggest the impacts of efficiency technologies on energy consumption and the associated behaviors vary by technology type. As would be expected, householders’ energy-related behaviors do influence residential energy consumption, and generally in the expected direction.
36 citations
01 Jan 2010
36 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that penalizing each firm for the emissions for which it is directly responsible can sometimes lead to higher overall supply chain emissions, and that centralizing the supply chain is not always the appropriate solution to mitigate this effect.
36 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the potentially changing effect of urbanization on per capita and per unit of GDP carbon dioxide emissions for 69 nations from 1960 to 2010 and conclude that the changing effects of urbanisation on national carbon emissions throughout the world regions are far from monolithic and these differences are hidden by the analyses of emissions for the overall sample.
Abstract: We investigate the potentially changing effect of urbanization on per capita and per unit of GDP carbon dioxide emissions for 69 nations from 1960 to 2010. We examine the effect of urbanization, measured as the percent of nation’s population residing in urban areas, for the overall sample as well as for smaller regionally-defined samples of nations. The results of two-way fixed effects longitudinal models for both outcomes highlight that the changing effects of urbanization on national carbon emissions throughout the world regions are far from monolithic, and these differences are hidden by the analyses of emissions for the overall sample. We provide tentative explanations for our regionally-specific findings, and conclude by emphasizing the need for more nuanced urban data and future research to increase our collective understanding of the carbon emissions / urbanization relationship.
36 citations
Cites background from "Energy efficiency and consumption —..."
...…per unit of GDP for the nations in Asia, coupled with the steady increasing effect of urban population on their per capita emissions, suggests a possible rebound effect occurring in these nations (Greening, Greene, and Difiglio 2000), at least in the context of urbanization and carbon emissions....
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Book•
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: Deaton and Muellbauer as mentioned in this paper introduced generations of students to the economic theory of consumer behaviour and used it in applied econometrics, including consumer index numbers, household characteristics, demand, and household welfare comparisons.
Abstract: This classic text has introduced generations of students to the economic theory of consumer behaviour. Written by 2015 Nobel Laureate Angus Deaton and John Muellbauer, the book begins with a self-contained presentation of the basic theory and its use in applied econometrics. These early chapters also include elementary extensions of the theory to labour supply, durable goods, the consumption function, and rationing. The rest of the book is divided into three parts. In the first of these the authors discuss restrictions on choice and aggregation problems. The next part consists of chapters on consumer index numbers; household characteristics, demand, and household welfare comparisons; and social welfare and inequality. The last part extends the coverage of consumer behaviour to include the quality of goods and household production theory, labour supply and human capital theory, the consumption function and intertemporal choice, the demand for durable goods, and choice under uncertainty.
3,952 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an industrial demand for energy is essentially a derived demand: the firm's demand for the energy is an input, derived from demand for a firm's output, which is an output.
Abstract: Industrial demand for energy is essentially a derived demand: the firm's demand for energy is an input is derived from demand for the firm's output. Inputs other than energy typically also enter the firm's production process. Since firms tend to choose that bundle of inputs which minimized the total cost of producing a giving level of output, the derived demand for inputs, including energy, depends on the level of output, the submitions possibilies among inputs allow by production technology, and the relative prices of all inputs.
1,422 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model of individual behavior in the purchase and utilization of energy-using durables is presented, where the tradeoff between capital costs for more energy efficient appliances and operating costs for the appliances is emphasized.
Abstract: This article presents a model of individual behavior in the purchase and utilization of energy-using durables. The tradeoff between capital costs for more energy efficient appliances and operating costs for the appliances is emphasized. Using data on both the purchase and utilization of room air conditioners, the model is applied to a sample of households. The utilization equation indicates a relatively low price elasticity. The purchase equation, based on a discrete choice model, demonstrates that individuals do trade off capital costs and expected operating costs. The results also show that individuals use a discount rate of about 20 percent in making the tradeoff decision and that the discount rate varies inversely with income.
1,361 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the indiscriminate use of mandated standards will backfire, but a mix of selective standards and reliance on prices as a restraint can be effective.
Abstract: Regulations which mandate appliance efficiency standards may be based on calculations which exaggerate the potential energy savings. Improved efficiency can, in fact, increase demand enough to be counterproductive unless the standards are applied selectively. As appliances improve, they are used more, new stock is demanded, and the demand for and use of related equipment increases. The policy implications of these empirical studies are that the indiscriminate use of mandated standards will backfire, but a mix of selective standards and reliance on prices as a restraint can be effective. 11 references, 5 figures, 2 tables. (DCK)
802 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a detailed study of automobile demand and use, presenting forecasts based on the powerful new techniques of qualitative choice analysis and standard regression techniques, which are combined to analyze situations that neither alone can accurately forecast.
Abstract: This book addresses two significant research areas in an interdependent fashion. It is first of all a comprehensive but concise text that covers the recently developed and widely applicable methods of qualitative choice analysis, illustrating the general theory through simulation models of automobile demand and use. It is also a detailed study of automobile demand and use, presenting forecasts based on these powerful new techniques. The book develops the general principles that underlie qualitative choice models that are now being applied in numerous fields in addition to transportation, such as housing, labor, energy, communications, and criminology. The general form, derivation, and estimation of qualitative choice models are explained, and the major models - logit, probit, and GEV - are discussed in detail. And continuous/discrete models are introduced. In these, qualitative choice methods and standard regression techniques are combined to analyze situations that neither alone can accurately forecast. Summarizing previous research on auto demand, the book shows how qualitative choice methods can be used by applying them to specific auto-related decisions as the aggregate of individuals' choices. The simulation model that is constructed is a significant improvement over older models, and should prove more useful to agencies and organizations requiring accurate forecasting of auto demand and use for planning and policy development. The book concludes with an actual case study based on a model designed for the investigations of the California Energy Commission.
726 citations