Energy efficiency and consumption — the rebound effect — a survey
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of some of the relevant literature from the US offers definitions and identifies sources including direct, secondary, and economy-wide sources and concludes that the range of estimates for the size of the rebound effect is very low to moderate.
About: This article is published in Energy Policy.The article was published on 2000-06-01. It has received 1867 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Rebound effect (conservation) & Energy consumption.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the factors that give rise to food waste throughout the food supply chain, and propose a framework to identify and prioritize the most appropriate options for prevention and management of food waste.
1,016 citations
Cites background from "Energy efficiency and consumption —..."
...SCP policies include strategies aiming to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation, meet basic human needs, and avert the rebound effect, a term used to describe the phenomenon where the negative impacts of growing consumption outweigh the benefits of efficiency and technological improvements (Barrett & Scott, 2012; Sorrell & Dimitropoulos, 2008; Greening et al., 2000)....
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TL;DR: The evidence in favour of Jevons Paradox is far from conclusive, but it does suggest that economywide rebound effects are larger than is conventionally assumed and that energy plays a more important role in driving productivity improvements and economic growth than is normally assumed as discussed by the authors.
860 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed an empirical specification for motor vehicles based on a simple aggregate model that simultaneously determines vehicle-miles traveled (VMT), vehicles, and fuel efficiency.
Abstract: It has long been realized that improving energy efficiency releases an economic reaction that partially offsets the original energy saving. As the energy efficiency of some process improves, the process becomes cheaper, thereby providing an incentive to increase its use. Thus total energy consumption changes less than proportionally to changes in physical energy efficiency. For motor vehicles, the process under consideration is use of fuel in producing vehicle-miles traveled (VMT). Our empirical specification is based on a simple aggregate model that simultaneously determines VMT, vehicles, and fuel efficiency. The coefficient on the lagged dependent variable implies considerable inertia in behavior, with people adjusting their travel in a given year by just 21 percent of the ultimate response to a permanent change. The equation exhibits only mild autocorrelation, giving people confidence that their specification accounts for most influences that move sluggishly over time.
838 citations
01 Oct 2012
TL;DR: The Global Energy Assessment (GEA) as mentioned in this paper brings together over 300 international researchers to provide an independent, scientifically based, integrated and policy-relevant analysis of current and emerging energy issues and options.
Abstract: The Global Energy Assessment (GEA) brings together over 300 international researchers to provide an independent, scientifically based, integrated and policy-relevant analysis of current and emerging energy issues and options. It has been peer-reviewed anonymously by an additional 200 international experts. The GEA assesses the major global challenges for sustainable development and their linkages to energy; the technologies and resources available for providing energy services; future energy systems that address the major challenges; and the policies and other measures that are needed to realize transformational change toward sustainable energy futures. The GEA goes beyond existing studies on energy issues by presenting a comprehensive and integrated analysis of energy chalenges, opportunities and strategies, for developing, industrialized and emerging economies. This volume is a invaluable resource for energy specialists and technologists in all sectors (academia, industry and government) as well as policymakers, development economists and practitioners in international organizations and national governments.
812 citations
References
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01 Aug 1987
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce economic theory and the market economy, and present a model of profit maximization by a competitive firm: supply of goods and demand for inputs, and compare it with the general equilibrium of competitive markets.
Abstract: 1. Basic Mathematical Concepts. 2. Unconstrained Maximization and Minimization. 3. Constrained Optimization. 4. Introduction to Economic Theory and the Market Economy. 5. Consumer Preference Theory. 6. Introduction to Individual Consumer and Market Demand Theory. 7. Elasticity of Individual and Market Demand Functions. 8. Compensated Demand Functions and Income and Substitution Effects. 9. Efficiency and Trade: An Application of Consumer Demand Theory. 10. Production Theory. 11. Cost Functions. 12. Profit Maximization by a Competitive Firm: Supply of Goods and Demand for Inputs. 13. Competitive Market Supply, Market Equilibrium, and Comparative Statics. 14. Production Efficiency and General Equilibrium of Competitive Markets. 15. Monopoly. 16. Oligopoly and Imperfect Competition. 17. Time Allocation, Labor Supply, and Labor Markets. 18. Intertemporal Decisions and Competitive Capital Markets. 19. Uncertainty: The Basics. 20. Applications of Uncertainty Models. 21. Externalities, Public Goods, and Public Decision Making.
102 citations
TL;DR: In his article (Lovins, 1988) responding to my Note (Khazzoom, 1987), Amory Lovins makes a series of allegations. But I find they contain precious little substance.
Abstract: In his article (Lovins, 1988) responding to my Note (Khazzoom, 1987), Amory Lovins makes a series of allegations. I find they contain precious little substance. Space limitations preclude a response to each one of Lovins' points, but I will address some of the specifics. The following overall observations convey perhaps in a nutshell some of the difficulties with the article that emerge from the discussion of the specifics below: (i) The article makes statements about facts, which are not supported by the evidence; (ii) The article holds contradictory positions and makes inconsistent statements, with little or no effort at probing into their implications; (iii) A depressing aspect of the article that the serious reader has to contend with is the lack of command of the basics of economics the article reveals. There is rattling with economic terminology and there are grand-sounding statements about economics, but it is not clear the author knows quite what they all mean. I turn to these below. But I would like to clarify the procedure 1 will be following. Lovins' article is substantially made up of quotes from the unpublished work by the National Resources Defense Council. In preparing the present rejoinder, I have made the assumption that since Lovins used the quotes to elaborate on points that he made (often in two lines or less), the statements he quoted say what he would have said, had he written the elaboration in his own words. I hope this clarification will spare any future counterarguments that Lovins did not make these statements, but only quoted them.
96 citations
TL;DR: The authors used the nested constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function to estimate elasticities of substitution between capital, labour, energy and materials over the 1971-1976 period around the initial energy crisis.
95 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that high prices are the problem not the solution, and the objective of energy policy should be to make it as low as we can, by concentrating on the exploitation of large, low-cost energy sources.
92 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate thermostat net takeback, the difference between takeback and enhanced comfort, and find that the difference ranges from 1-3% of potential energy savings, depending on climate and house size.
Abstract: Insulation reduces marginal heating costs and may lead to a takeback effect of higher wintertime thermostat settings, with a consequent dilution of energy savings. Alternatively, additional insulation could permit a lower thermostat setting by reducing drafts and radiation while increasing moisture retention, thereby enhancing comfort. This paper evaluates thermostat net takeback, the difference between takeback and enhanced comfort. Evidence supports the existence of both effects, with net takeback at the low end of literature estimates. Net thermostat takeback is on the order of 0.05{degrees}F, leading to an energy takeback that ranges from 1-3% of potential energy savings, depending on climate and house size. Other significant determinants of thermostat are heating energy price and the presence of elderly or young occupants. 19 refs., 4 tabs.
86 citations