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Proceedings ArticleDOI

Energy efficient BASE STATIONs with using virtual cell concept

TL;DR: The virtual cell concept on the BS for making the energy efficient BS is implemented and a algorithm for the low traffic conditions is shown for theLow traffic conditions.
Abstract: In this paper we discussed the power consumption of BASE STATIONs, which become a important issue of ITC sector. In this paper we deal with the study and analysis of investigating power consumption of BASE STATION and also investigating possible ways to reduce of power consumption in wireless networks. We also implement the virtual cell concept on the BS for making the energy efficient BS and show a algorithm for the low traffic conditions.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A concept of cell zooming is introduced, which adaptively adjusts the cell size according to traffic load, user requirements and channel conditions, which can greatly reduce the energy consumption, which leads to green cellular networks.
Abstract: Cell size in cellular networks is in general fixed based on the estimated traffic load. However, the traffic load can have significant spatial and temporal fluctuations, which bring both challenges and opportunities to the planning and operating of cellular networks. This article introduces a concept of cell zooming, which adaptively adjusts the cell size according to traffic load, user requirements and channel conditions. The implementation issues of cell zooming are then presented. Finally a usage case of cell zooming for energy saving is investigated. Centralized and distributed cell zooming algorithms are developed, and simulation results show that the proposed algorithms can greatly reduce the energy consumption, which leads to green cellular networks.

751 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article introduces energy-efficient SLEEP mode algorithms for small cell base stations in a bid to reduce cellular networks' power consumption and proposes three different strategies for algorithm control, relying on small cell driven, core network driven, and user equipment driven approaches.
Abstract: Big things come in small packages; a particularly apt description of small cell deployment in cellular networks. Small cells have a big role to play in orchestrating a cellular network that can overcome the explosive mobile traffic upsurge at little cost to the network operator. However, if left unchecked, a large-scale small cell deployment can substantially increase the network energy consumption with strong ecological and economic implications. In this article, we introduce energy-efficient SLEEP mode algorithms for small cell base stations in a bid to reduce cellular networks' power consumption. The designed algorithms allow the hardware components in the BS to be astutely switched off in idle conditions, such that the energy consumption is modulated over the variations in traffic load. Three different strategies for algorithm control are discussed, relying on small cell driven, core network driven, and user equipment driven approaches. Based on a mixed voice and data traffic model, the algorithms present energy saving opportunities of approximately 10-60 percent in the network with respect to no SLEEP mode activation in small cells, coupled with additional capacity incentives.

401 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
07 May 2006
TL;DR: This paper analytically evaluates the sleep mode operation of the IEEE 802.16e, defined for the power saving, and discusses selecting the proper set of operational parameter values for a given traffic arrival pattern.
Abstract: In this paper, we analytically evaluate the sleep mode operation of the IEEE 802.16e, defined for the power saving. In the sleep mode, an Mobile Subscribe Station (MSS) sleeps for a sleep window and wakes up at the end of the sleep window in order to check pending download packet(s) destined to itself. If there is no such a packet, the MSS doubles the sleep window up to the maximum value and sleeps again. For a quantitative analysis, we model the sleep mode operation as a semi-Markov chain. Then, the average packet delay and average power consumption are analytically derived. Based on the performance analysis, we discuss selecting the proper set of operational parameter values for a given traffic arrival pattern.

197 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three approaches to saving energy in future wireless networks are investigated, which include sleep mode techniques to switch off radio transmissions whenever possible; femtocell and relay deployments; and multiple antenna wireless systems.
Abstract: The last ten years have witnessed explosive growth in the number of subscribers for mobile telephony. The technology has evolved from early voice only services to today's mobile wireless broadband (Internet) data delivery. The increasing use of wireless connectivity via smartphones and laptops has led to an exponential surge in network traffic. Meeting traffic demands will cause a significant increase in operator energy cost as an enlarged network of radio base stations will be needed to support mobile broadband effectively and maintain operational competitiveness. This article explores approaches that will assist in delivering significant energy efficiency gains in future wireless networks, easing the burden on network operators. It investigates three approaches to saving energy in future wireless networks. These include sleep mode techniques to switch off radio transmissions whenever possible; femtocell and relay deployments; and multiple antenna wireless systems. The impact of these approaches on achieving energy-efficient wireless communication systems is discussed.

87 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
26 Sep 2011
TL;DR: A mathematical model is contributed to the research with a mathematical model that calculates the total power consumption of a BS and enlightens the way to minimize it, and shows that interesting power gain can be obtained under a large spectrum of load conditions.
Abstract: Using energy generated with fossil fuel causes global warming due to the greenhouse effect, which threatens our environment One of the challenges for New Generation Networks (NGN) is then the reduction of energy consumption, in particular at the BSs (Base Stations) which use about 85% of the total network energy We contribute to the research with a mathematical model that calculates the total power consumption of a BS and enlightens the way to minimize it First, we analyze the power consumed at every different component of the BS Second, based on the cost incurred in turning off the BS's power amplifiers, we show how to decide whether it is convenient to keep the BS idle during those intervals in which no traffic has to be sent, or to turn off the amplifiers Our model is evaluated by means of numerical examples, and shows that interesting power gain can be obtained under a large spectrum of load conditions

74 citations