Energy efficient MAC protocol for energy latency tradeoff in wireless sensor network traffic
01 Dec 2012-pp 1-5
TL;DR: This project proposes S-MAC, a medium-access control (MAC) protocol designed for wireless sensor networks that applies message passing to reduce contention latency for sensornetwork applications that require store-and forward processing as data move through the network.
Abstract: This project proposes S-MAC, a medium-access control (MAC) protocol designed for wireless sensor networks Wireless sensor networks use battery-operated computing and sensing devices The sensor networks are expected to be deployed in an ad-hoc fashion, with individual nodes remaining largely inactive for long periods of time, but then becoming suddenly active when something is detected S-MAC uses three novel techniques to reduce energy consumption and support self configuration To reduce energy consumption in listening to an idle channel, nodes periodically sleep Neighboring nodes form virtual clusters to auto-synchronize on sleep schedules S-MAC also sets the radio to sleep during transmissions of other nodes and uses in-channel signaling Finally, S-MAC applies message passing to reduce contention latency for sensornetwork applications that require store-and forward processing as data move through the network The implementation of S-MAC is evaluated over a sample virtual sensor node network created on the ns2 platform The experiment results show that, on a source node, an 80211-like MAC consumes 2–3 times more energy than S-MAC for traffic load with messages sent every 150 ms
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01 Aug 2015
TL;DR: Simulations show that, compared to conventional algorithms, the proposed scheduling algorithm performs better in terms of packet loss rate due to buffer overflow and end-to-end delay.
Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been widely deployed in monitoring and surveillance areas. With the improvement of sensor nodes' processing capability, multi-media transmission in WSNs has become a new trend. Since multi-media has strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, which calls for efficient scheduling algorithm that could guarantee the end-to-end delay and reduce the energy consumption. Therefore, in this paper we propose a utility-based scheduling algorithm that could enhance the energy efficiency and meet the QoS requirements of multimedia. Our proposed scheduling algorithm includes two steps: firstly, a semi-Markov model is deployed to predict the arrival rate of multi-media; secondly, a utility function is designed which based on the consideration of energy consumption and the QoS constraints. Simulations show that, compared to conventional algorithms, our proposed scheduling algorithm performs better in terms of packet loss rate due to buffer overflow and end-to-end delay.
8 citations
Cites background from "Energy efficient MAC protocol for e..."
...The multi-media streams generated by sensors have to reach the sink node within a specific time period or before the expiration of deadline [3], so the sink node needs to decide the delivery order of data packets in their ready queue based on their importance and delivery deadline [4]....
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Patent•
02 Dec 2016TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a four-step intra-layback handover protocol within a given gateway in an SDN-Layback architecture, which reduces the signaling load by 60% in comparison with conventional LTE handover within a serving gateway.
Abstract: Various embodiments of a four-step intra-LayBack handover protocol within a given gateway in an SDN-LayBack architecture are disclosed. The intra-LayBack handover reduces the signaling load by 60% in comparison with conventional LTE handover within a given serving gateway.
7 citations
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04 Jan 2000
TL;DR: The Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) as mentioned in this paper is a clustering-based protocol that utilizes randomized rotation of local cluster based station (cluster-heads) to evenly distribute the energy load among the sensors in the network.
Abstract: Wireless distributed microsensor systems will enable the reliable monitoring of a variety of environments for both civil and military applications. In this paper, we look at communication protocols, which can have significant impact on the overall energy dissipation of these networks. Based on our findings that the conventional protocols of direct transmission, minimum-transmission-energy, multi-hop routing, and static clustering may not be optimal for sensor networks, we propose LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), a clustering-based protocol that utilizes randomized rotation of local cluster based station (cluster-heads) to evenly distribute the energy load among the sensors in the network. LEACH uses localized coordination to enable scalability and robustness for dynamic networks, and incorporates data fusion into the routing protocol to reduce the amount of information that must be transmitted to the base station. Simulations show the LEACH can achieve as much as a factor of 8 reduction in energy dissipation compared with conventional outing protocols. In addition, LEACH is able to distribute energy dissipation evenly throughout the sensors, doubling the useful system lifetime for the networks we simulated.
12,497 citations
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), a clustering-based protocol that utilizes randomized rotation of local cluster based station (cluster-heads) to evenly distribute the energy load among the sensors in the network, is proposed.
Abstract: Wireless distributed microsensor systems will enable the reliable monitoring of a variety of environments for both civil and military applications. In this paper, we look at communication protocols, which can have signicant impact on the overall energy dissipation of these networks. Based on our ndings that the conventional protocols of direct transmission, minimum-transmission-energy, multihop routing, and static clustering may not be optimal for sensor networks, we propose LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), a clustering-based protocol that utilizes randomized rotation of local cluster base stations (cluster-heads) to evenly distribute the energy load among the sensors in the network. LEACH uses localized coordination to enable scalability and robustness for dynamic networks, and incorporates data fusion into the routing protocol to reduce the amount of information that must be transmitted to the base station. Simulations show that LEACH can achieve as much as a factor of 8 reduction in energy dissipation compared with conventional routing protocols. In addition, LEACH is able to distribute energy dissipation evenly throughout the sensors, doubling the useful system lifetime for the networks we simulated.
11,412 citations
TL;DR: This paper proposes S-MAC, a medium access control (MAC) protocol designed for wireless sensor networks that enables low-duty-cycle operation in a multihop network and reveals fundamental tradeoffs on energy, latency and throughput.
Abstract: This paper proposes S-MAC, a medium access control (MAC) protocol designed for wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks use battery-operated computing and sensing devices. A network of these devices will collaborate for a common application such as environmental monitoring. We expect sensor networks to be deployed in an ad hoc fashion, with nodes remaining largely inactive for long time, but becoming suddenly active when something is detected. These characteristics of sensor networks and applications motivate a MAC that is different from traditional wireless MACs such as IEEE 802.11 in several ways: energy conservation and self-configuration are primary goals, while per-node fairness and latency are less important. S-MAC uses a few novel techniques to reduce energy consumption and support self-configuration. It enables low-duty-cycle operation in a multihop network. Nodes form virtual clusters based on common sleep schedules to reduce control overhead and enable traffic-adaptive wake-up. S-MAC uses in-channel signaling to avoid overhearing unnecessary traffic. Finally, S-MAC applies message passing to reduce contention latency for applications that require in-network data processing. The paper presents measurement results of S-MAC performance on a sample sensor node, the UC Berkeley Mote, and reveals fundamental tradeoffs on energy, latency and throughput. Results show that S-MAC obtains significant energy savings compared with an 802.11-like MAC without sleeping.
2,843 citations
01 Oct 1994
TL;DR: This paper studies media access protocols for a single channel wireless LAN being developed at Xerox Corporation's Palo Alto Research Center and develops a new protocol, MACAW, which uses an RTS-CTS-DS-DATA-ACK message exchange and includes a significantly different backoff algorithm.
Abstract: In recent years, a wide variety of mobile computing devices has emerged, including portables, palmtops, and personal digital assistants. Providing adequate network connectivity for these devices will require a new generation of wireless LAN technology. In this paper we study media access protocols for a single channel wireless LAN being developed at Xerox Corporation's Palo Alto Research Center. We start with the MACA media access protocol first proposed by Karn [9] and later refined by Biba [3] which uses an RTS-CTS-DATA packet exchange and binary exponential back-off. Using packet-level simulations, we examine various performance and design issues in such protocols. Our analysis leads to a new protocol, MACAW, which uses an RTS-CTS-DS-DATA-ACK message exchange and includes a significantly different backoff algorithm.
2,000 citations
"Energy efficient MAC protocol for e..." refers background in this paper
...8.2) or a node can choose its own schedule instead of following others, the schedule start time is user configurable 9) Neighbor Discovery: in order to prevent that two neighbors cannot find each other due to following complete different schedules, each node periodically listen for a whole period…...
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01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: An overview of this new and exciting field of wireless sensor networks is provided and a brief discussion on the factors pushing the recent flurry of sensor network related research and commercial undertakings is discussed.
Abstract: Sensor networks consist of a set of sensor nodes, each equipped with one or more sensors, communication subsystems, storage and processing resources, and in some cases actuators. The sensors in a node observe phenomena such as thermal, optic, acoustic, seismic, and acceleration events, while the processing and other components analyze the raw data and formulate answers to specific user requests. Recent advances in technology have paved the way for the design and implementation of new generations of sensor network nodes, packaged in very small and inexpensive form factors with sophisticated computation and wireless communication abilities. Although still at infancy, these new classes of sensor networks, generally referred to as wireless sensor networks (WSN), show great promise and potential with applications ranging in areas that have already been addressed, to domains never before imagined. In this article we provide an overview of this new and exciting field and a brief discussion on the factors pushing the recent flurry of sensor network related research and commercial undertakings. We also provide overview discussions on architectural design characteristics of such networks including physical components, software layers, and higher level services. At each step, we highlight special characteristics of WSNs and discuss why existing approaches and results from wireless communication networks are not necessarily suitable in WSN domains. We conclude by briefly summarizing the state of the art and the future research directions.
1,740 citations