Energy management and fault tolerant control strategies for fuel cell/ultra-capacitor hybrid electric vehicles to enhance autonomy, efficiency and life time of the fuel cell system
TL;DR: In this article, an advanced control strategy managing the power distribution among the two energy sources is elaborated using state-flow bloc of Matlab/Simulink for hybridization of the fuel cell (FC) hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) by an auxiliary energy source.
About: This article is published in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.The article was published on 2015-06-15. It has received 117 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Energy source & Electric vehicle.
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TL;DR: This paper comprehensively reviews the state of the art of HESSs system for MG applications and presents a general outlook of developing HESS industry.
Abstract: Energy storages introduce many advantages such as balancing generation and demand, power quality improvement, smoothing the renewable resource’s intermittency, and enabling ancillary services like frequency and voltage regulation in microgrid (MG) operation. Hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) characterized by coupling of two or more energy storage technologies are emerged as a solution to achieve the desired performance by combining the appropriate features of different technologies. A single ESS technology cannot fulfill the desired operation due to its limited capability and potency in terms of lifespan, cost, energy and power density, and dynamic response. Hence, different configurations of HESSs considering storage type, interface, control method, and the provided service have been proposed in the literature. This paper comprehensively reviews the state of the art of HESSs system for MG applications and presents a general outlook of developing HESS industry. Important aspects of HESS utilization in MGs including capacity sizing methods, power converter topologies for HESS interface, architecture, controlling, and energy management of HESS in MGs are reviewed and classified. An economic analysis along with design methodology is also included to point out the HESS from investor and distribution systems engineers view. Regarding literature review and available shortcomings, future trends of HESS in MGs are proposed.
327 citations
TL;DR: This paper analyzes and summarizes the optimization effect of genetic algorithm in various energy management strategies, aiming to analyze and select the optimization rules and parameters, optimization objects and optimization objectives.
302 citations
TL;DR: Fuel economy enhancement, vehicle performance improvement, battery charge-sustaining capability, and optimal energy distribution are some of the significant outcomes achieved by the optimized FLC-based EMS.
245 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a mini foreseen review of the next quarter century vision of FCEVs are expressed and discussed by the helped of previous researches and with future forecast reports, and the authors concluded that, between the 2030s-2050s, hydrogen FCEV will continue their rising demand scale under the circumstances of decreasing expensive technology; enhanced energy optimization; extended range limits and increasing hydrogen refueling stations.
222 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an optimal energy management strategy for a low speed campus vehicle using stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) is proposed to increase the lifetime of the fuel cell by 14%, with only a 3.5% increase in fuel consumption.
210 citations
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TL;DR: The main property of this strategy is that the energy management in the power source is carried out with a single general control algorithm in different operating modes, consequently avoiding any algorithm commutation.
Abstract: This paper presents an energy management method in an electrical hybrid power source (EHPS) for electric vehicular applications. The method is based on the flatness control technique (FCT) and fuzzy logic control (FLC). This EHPS is composed of a fuel cell system as the main source and two energy storage sources (ESSs)-a bank of supercapacitors (SCs) and a bank of batteries (BATs)-as the auxiliary source. With this hybridization, the volume and mass of the EHPS can be reduced, because the high energy density of BAT and high power density of SC are utilized. In the proposed novel control strategy, the FCT is used to manage the energy between the main and the auxiliary sources, and the FLC is employed to share the power flow in the ESS between the SC and the BAT. The power sharing depends on the load power and the state of charge of the SC and the BAT. EHPS is controlled by the regulation of the stored electrostatic energy in the dc buses. The main property of this strategy is that the energy management in the power source is carried out with a single general control algorithm in different operating modes, consequently avoiding any algorithm commutation. An EHPS test bench has been assembled and equipped with a real-time system controller based on a dSPACE. The experimental results validate the efficiency of the proposed control strategy.
360 citations
TL;DR: A control strategy that provides fault tolerance to five-phase permanent-magnet motors is introduced and will guarantee high efficiency, high performance, and high reliability, which are required for automotive applications.
Abstract: Multiphase interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors are very good candidates for hybrid electric vehicle applications. High torque pulsation is the major disadvantage of most IPM motor configurations. A five-phase IPM motor with low torque pulsation is discussed. The mathematical model of the five-phase motor is given. A control strategy that provides fault tolerance to five-phase permanent-magnet motors is introduced. In this scheme, the five-phase system continues operating safely under loss of up to two phases without any additional hardware connections. This feature is very important in traction and propulsion applications where high reliability is of major importance. The system that is introduced in this paper will guarantee high efficiency, high performance, and high reliability, which are required for automotive applications A prototype four-pole IPM motor with 15 stator slots has been built and is used for experimental verification.
295 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an arithmetic equation of fuel cell lifetime is presented, which is relating with load changing cycles, start-stop cycles, idling time, high power load condition and the air pollution factor.
249 citations
TL;DR: The simulation results indicate that ultracapacitors can more effectively assist the fuel cell to meet the vehicle power demand and help achieve a better performance and a higher fuel economy.
Abstract: This paper studies two hybrid power systems for vehicle applications: a fuel cell-battery hybrid powertrain and a fuel cell-ultracapacitor hybrid powertrain. First, the characteristics of fuel cell, battery, and ultracapacitor as power sources are summarized. Then the configurations of the two types of hybrid fuel cell powertrains are presented. Finally, example hybrid powertrains are designed and simulated using ADVISOR. The simulation results indicate that ultracapacitors can more effectively assist the fuel cell to meet the vehicle power demand and help achieve a better performance and a higher fuel economy.
240 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a hybrid photovoltaic-electrolyzer-fuel cell system is proposed, which consists of a PV, an alkaline water electrolyzer, a storage gas tank, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and power conditioning units (PCU) to manage the system operation.
183 citations