Energy production from biomass. (Part 2): Conversion technologies

doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00119-5

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Energy production from biomass. (Part 2): Conversion technologies

Journal Article•DOI•

Energy production from biomass. (Part 2): Conversion technologies

01 May 2002-Bioresource Technology (Elsevier)-Vol. 83, Iss: 1, pp 47-54

TL;DR: A brief review of the main conversion processes is presented, with specific regard to the production of a fuel suitable for spark ignition gas engines.

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About: This article is published in Bioresource Technology.The article was published on 2002-05-01. It has received 1919 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Primary energy & Renewable fuels.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Pyrolysis of Wood/Biomass for Bio-oil: A Critical Review

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Dinesh Mohan¹, and Charles U. Pittman¹, Philip H. Steele¹•Institutions (1)

Indian Institute of Toxicology Research¹

10 Mar 2006-Energy & Fuels

TL;DR: A review of the recent developments in the wood pyrolysis and reports the characteristics of the resulting bio-oils, which are the main products of fast wood pyrotechnics, can be found in this paper.

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Abstract: Fast pyrolysis utilizes biomass to produce a product that is used both as an energy source and a feedstock for chemical production. Considerable efforts have been made to convert wood biomass to liquid fuels and chemicals since the oil crisis in mid-1970s. This review focuses on the recent developments in the wood pyrolysis and reports the characteristics of the resulting bio-oils, which are the main products of fast wood pyrolysis. Virtually any form of biomass can be considered for fast pyrolysis. Most work has been performed on wood, because of its consistency and comparability between tests. However, nearly 100 types of biomass have been tested, ranging from agricultural wastes such as straw, olive pits, and nut shells to energy crops such as miscanthus and sorghum. Forestry wastes such as bark and thinnings and other solid wastes, including sewage sludge and leather wastes, have also been studied. In this review, the main (although not exclusive) emphasis has been given to wood. The literature on woo...

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4,988 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Biofuels from microalgae—A review of technologies for production, processing, and extractions of biofuels and co-products

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Liam Brennan¹, Philip Owende¹, Philip Owende²•Institutions (2)

University College Dublin¹, Institute of Technology, Blanchardstown²

01 Feb 2010-Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews

TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the technologies underpinning microalgae-to-bio-fuels systems, focusing on the biomass production, harvesting, conversion technologies, and the extraction of useful co-products.

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Abstract: Sustainability is a key principle in natural resource management, and it involves operational efficiency, minimisation of environmental impact and socio-economic considerations; all of which are interdependent. It has become increasingly obvious that continued reliance on fossil fuel energy resources is unsustainable, owing to both depleting world reserves and the green house gas emissions associated with their use. Therefore, there are vigorous research initiatives aimed at developing alternative renewable and potentially carbon neutral solid, liquid and gaseous biofuels as alternative energy resources. However, alternate energy resources akin to first generation biofuels derived from terrestrial crops such as sugarcane, sugar beet, maize and rapeseed place an enormous strain on world food markets, contribute to water shortages and precipitate the destruction of the world's forests. Second generation biofuels derived from lignocellulosic agriculture and forest residues and from non-food crop feedstocks address some of the above problems; however there is concern over competing land use or required land use changes. Therefore, based on current knowledge and technology projections, third generation biofuels specifically derived from microalgae are considered to be a technically viable alternative energy resource that is devoid of the major drawbacks associated with first and second generation biofuels. Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms with simple growing requirements (light, sugars, CO 2 , N, P, and K) that can produce lipids, proteins and carbohydrates in large amounts over short periods of time. These products can be processed into both biofuels and valuable co-products. This study reviewed the technologies underpinning microalgae-to-biofuels systems, focusing on the biomass production, harvesting, conversion technologies, and the extraction of useful co-products. It also reviewed the synergistic coupling of microalgae propagation with carbon sequestration and wastewater treatment potential for mitigation of environmental impacts associated with energy conversion and utilisation. It was found that, whereas there are outstanding issues related to photosynthetic efficiencies and biomass output, microalgae-derived biofuels could progressively substitute a significant proportion of the fossil fuels required to meet the growing energy demand.

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4,432 citations

Cites background or methods from "Energy production from biomass. (Pa..."

...It is possible to burn any type of biomass, but combustion is only feasible for biomass with moisture content <50% dry weight [160]....
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...The yeast breaks down the sugar and converts it to ethanol [160]....
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...Combustion of biomass for heat, power, and steam ranges from very small scale utilities (domestic space and water heating) up to large-scale industrial processes in the range of 100–300 MW [160]....
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...The conversion of algal biomass-to-energy encompasses the different processes ordinarily used for terrestrial biomass and which depend, to a large extent, on the types and sources of biomass, conservation options and enduse [160]....
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...Alcoholic fermentation is the conversion of biomass materials which contain sugars, starch or cellulose into ethanol [160]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Chemical modification of lignins: Towards biobased polymers

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Stéphanie Laurichesse¹, Luc Avérous¹•Institutions (1)

University of Strasbourg¹

01 Jul 2014-Progress in Polymer Science

TL;DR: Lignin is a highly abundant biopolymeric material that constitutes with cellulose one of the major components in structural cell walls of higher vascular plants and is used as a precursor for the elaboration of original macromolecular architecture and the development of new building blocks as mentioned in this paper.

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1,416 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The potential of sustainable algal biofuel production using wastewater resources

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Jon K. Pittman¹, Andrew P. Dean¹, Olumayowa Osundeko¹•Institutions (1)

University of Manchester¹

01 Jan 2011-Bioresource Technology

TL;DR: The current research on this topic is reviewed and the potential benefits and limitations of using wastewaters as resources for cost-effective microalgal biofuel production are discussed.

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1,402 citations

Cites methods from "Energy production from biomass. (Pa..."

...Biochemical conversion processes include fermentation and anaerobic digestion of the biomass to yield bioethanol or methane (McKendry, 2002a)....
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...Thermochemical conversion methods include gasification, pyrolysis, hydrogenation and liquefaction of the algal biomass to yield gas- or oil-based biofuels (McKendry, 2002a,b; Miao and Wu, 2004)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

CO2 bio-mitigation using microalgae

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Bei Wang¹, Yanqun Li¹, Nan Wu¹, Christopher Q. Lan¹•Institutions (1)

University of Ottawa¹

16 May 2008-Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

TL;DR: Combination of CO2 fixation, biofuel production, and wastewater treatment may provide a very promising alternative to current CO2 mitigation strategies.

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Abstract: Microalgae are a group of unicellular or simple multicellular photosynthetic microorganisms that can fix CO2 efficiently from different sources, including the atmosphere, industrial exhaust gases, and soluble carbonate salts. Combination of CO2 fixation, biofuel production, and wastewater treatment may provide a very promising alternative to current CO2 mitigation strategies.

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1,102 citations

Cites background or methods from "Energy production from biomass. (Pa..."

...Pyrolysis can be used to produce predominantly bio-oil if flash pyrolysis is used, enabling the conversion of biomass to bio-crude with an efficiency of up to 80% (McKendry 2002a)....
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...2; Demirbas 2001; McKendry 2002a; Tsukahara and Sawayama 2005)....
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...Pyrolysis can be used to produce predominantly bio-oil if flash pyrolysis is used, enabling the conversion of biomass to bio-crude with an efficiency of up to 80% ( McKendry 2002a )....
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...There are several ways to convert microalgae biomass to biofuels, which can be classified into biochemical conversion, chemical reaction, direct combustion, and thermochemical conversion (Fig. 2; Demirbas 2001; McKendry 2002a; Tsukahara and Sawayama 2005)....
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...Gasification Gasification is the conversion of biomass into combustible gas mixture by the partial oxidation of biomass at high temperatures, typically in the range of 800–900 °C (Elliott and Sealock Jr 1996; McKendry 2002b)....
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References

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Open Access

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Journal Article•DOI•

Energy production from biomass (Part 1): Overview of biomass.

[...]

Peter McKendry

01 May 2002-Bioresource Technology

TL;DR: The potential of a restored landfill site to act as a biomass source, providing fuel to supplement landfill gas-fuelled power stations, is examined, together with a comparison of the economics of power production from purpose-grown biomass versus waste-biomass.

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4,162 citations

"Energy production from biomass. (Pa..." refers background in this paper

...In a previous paper (McKendry, 2001) an overview of the sources and main types of biomass and typical plant characteristics was presented....
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An assessment of thermochemical conversion systems for processing biomass and refuse

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A Bridgwater, G D Evans

01 Dec 1993

TL;DR: A survey of gasification, pyrolysis and liquefaction technologies for biomass and waste has been conducted to identify processes suitable for opportunities in the UK and Denmark as discussed by the authors.

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Abstract: A survey of gasification, pyrolysis and liquefaction technologies for biomass and waste has been conducted to identify processes suitable for opportunities in the UK and Denmark. Combustion of biomass and waste is omitted as it is considered to be well established technology with a wide variety of systems available for implementation. Of 57 processes identified as being relevant that are currently or recently under development, 22 have been selected for more detailed investigation. (author)

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43 citations

Bioconversion assessment study

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Jim Coombs

01 Jan 1996

TL;DR: The ENERGIE RENOUVELABLE Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08 as discussed by the authors was created for the BIOMASSE project.

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Abstract: Keywords: BIOMASSE ; ENERGIE RENOUVELABLE Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08

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12 citations

"Energy production from biomass. (Pa..." refers methods in this paper

...The solid residue from the fermentation process can be used as cattle-feed and in the case of sugar cane, the bagasse can be used as a fuel for boilers or for subsequent gasification (Coombs, 1996)....
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Transport and supply logistics of biomass fuels: volume 1 - supply chain options for biomass fuels, ETSU Report ETSU/B/W2/00399/REP/1

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Julian Allen, Michael Browne, J. Boyd, A. Hunter, H. Palmer - Show less +1 more

01 Jan 1996

11 citations