Energy related CO2 conversion and utilization: Advanced materials/nanomaterials, reaction mechanisms and technologies
Yun Zheng1, Wenqiang Zhang1, Yifeng Li1, Jing Chen1, Bo Yu1, Jianchen Wang1, Lei Zhang2, Lei Zhang3, Jiujun Zhang2, Jiujun Zhang3 •
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive overview of CO 2 conversion using advanced materials/nanomaterials and technologies for the production of useful fuels/chemicals is provided, and the economic feasibility for CO 2 utilization is analyzed with cases of various chemicals/fuels.
About: This article is published in Nano Energy.The article was published on 2017-10-01. It has received 203 citations till now.
Citations
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TL;DR: Various cocatalysts, such as the biomimetic, metal-based,Metal-free, and multifunctional ones, and their selectivity for CO2 photoreduction are summarized and discussed, along with the recent advances in this area.
Abstract: Photoreduction of CO2 into sustainable and green solar fuels is generally believed to be an appealing solution to simultaneously overcome both environmental problems and energy crisis. The low selectivity of challenging multi-electron CO2 photoreduction reactions makes it one of the holy grails in heterogeneous photocatalysis. This Review highlights the important roles of cocatalysts in selective photocatalytic CO2 reduction into solar fuels using semiconductor catalysts. A special emphasis in this review is placed on the key role, design considerations and modification strategies of cocatalysts for CO2 photoreduction. Various cocatalysts, such as the biomimetic, metal-based, metal-free, and multifunctional ones, and their selectivity for CO2 photoreduction are summarized and discussed, along with the recent advances in this area. This Review provides useful information for the design of highly selective cocatalysts for photo(electro)reduction and electroreduction of CO2 and complements the existing reviews on various semiconductor photocatalysts.
1,365 citations
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TL;DR: The capture and use of carbon dioxide to create valuable products might lower the net costs of reducing emissions or removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, but barriers to implementation remain substantial and resource constraints prevent the simultaneous deployment of all pathways.
Abstract: The capture and use of carbon dioxide to create valuable products might lower the net costs of reducing emissions or removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Here we review ten pathways for the utilization of carbon dioxide. Pathways that involve chemicals, fuels and microalgae might reduce emissions of carbon dioxide but have limited potential for its removal, whereas pathways that involve construction materials can both utilize and remove carbon dioxide. Land-based pathways can increase agricultural output and remove carbon dioxide. Our assessment suggests that each pathway could scale to over 0.5 gigatonnes of carbon dioxide utilization annually. However, barriers to implementation remain substantial and resource constraints prevent the simultaneous deployment of all pathways. Ten pathways for the utilization of carbon dioxide are reviewed, considering their potential scale, economics and barriers to implementation.
879 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized the widely accepted pathways of photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions and analyzed the important factors affecting product selectivity, mainly including light-excitation attributes, band structure of photocATalysts, separation of photogenerated charge carriers, adsorption/activation of reactants, surface active sites of catalytic reaction, and adaption/desorption of intermediates.
569 citations
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Wenhui Li1, Haozhi Wang1, Xiao Jiang2, Jie Zhu1, Zhongmin Liu3, Xinwen Guo1, Chunshan Song2, Chunshan Song1 •
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of advances in CO2 hydrogenation to hydrocarbons that have been achieved recently in terms of catalyst design, catalytic performance and reaction mechanism from both experiments and density functional theory calculations.
Abstract: CO2 hydrogenation to hydrocarbons is a promising way of making waste to wealth and energy storage, which also solves the environmental and energy issues caused by CO2 emissions Much efforts and research are aimed at the conversion of CO2 via hydrogenation to various value-added hydrocarbons, such as CH4, lower olefins, gasoline, or long-chain hydrocarbons catalyzed by different catalysts with various mechanisms This review provides an overview of advances in CO2 hydrogenation to hydrocarbons that have been achieved recently in terms of catalyst design, catalytic performance and reaction mechanism from both experiments and density functional theory calculations In addition, the factors influencing the performance of catalysts and the first C–C coupling mechanism through different routes are also revealed The fundamental factor for product selectivity is the surface H/C ratio adjusted by active metals, supports and promoters Furthermore, the technical and application challenges of CO2 conversion into useful fuels/chemicals are also summarized To meet these challenges, future research directions are proposed in this review
436 citations
References
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01 Jan 1989TL;DR: In this article, the first law of thermodynamics and the third law of Nernst heat theorem are used to construct tables of thermochemical data of pure substances, which are then used for thermodynamic calculations.
Abstract: Part 1 Basic principles: thermodynamic functions and relations - the basic concepts, the first law of thermodynamics, Joule-Thomson effect, the second law of thermodynamics, the third law of thermodynamics (Nernst heat theorem), fundamental relations of thermodynamics, closed system with reactions, chemical potential, chemical equilibrium, mixtures, Gibbs phase rule, electrochemical reactions calculations of thermochemical functions - units and conventions, calculations of the thermochemical functions of pure substances, equilibrium calculations, exergy and entropy balances. Part 2 Compilation and presentation of thermochemical data: compilation of thermochemical data - basic thermochemical data, existing compilations, thermochemical tables. Part 3 Tables in the present work: preparation of the tables - general remarks, data sources, accuracy, units, standard states, reference phase for the elements at 298.15K and 1 bar construction of the tables - arrangement of substances, order of the phases in the tables contents and structure of the tables - formula, name and relative molar mass, tabulated functions, sequence of temperatures, phase transitions, the final temperature in the tables, references for the sources of data, abbreviations and symbols. Part 4 Examples of the use of the tables: examples of thermodynamic calculations - enthalpy changes, exergy and entropy balance calculations, equilibrium calculations, equilibrium in simplified systems with several phases and components, electrochemical energy conversion, high temperature fuel cell, the calculation of equilibria in multi-phases, multicomponent systems. Part 5 Information on the tables: fundamental constants and conversion factors - fundamental constants, conversion factors for energy units, conversions for entropies of gases, relative atomic masses of the elements based on A...=12 for 12C. Part 6 Symbols, abbreviations and references: symbols and abbreviations used in the tables reference phases of elements at 1 bar references for the data in the tables. Part 7 The tables: tables of thermochemical data of pure substances.
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TL;DR: The high activity of BSCF was predicted from a design principle established by systematic examination of more than 10 transition metal oxides, which showed that the intrinsic OER activity exhibits a volcano-shaped dependence on the occupancy of the 3d electron with an eg symmetry of surface transition metal cations in an oxide.
Abstract: The efficiency of many energy storage technologies, such as rechargeable metal-air batteries and hydrogen production from water splitting, is limited by the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). We found that Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3–δ (BSCF) catalyzes the OER with intrinsic activity that is at least an order of magnitude higher than that of the state-of-the-art iridium oxide catalyst in alkaline media. The high activity of BSCF was predicted from a design principle established by systematic examination of more than 10 transition metal oxides, which showed that the intrinsic OER activity exhibits a volcano-shaped dependence on the occupancy of the 3d electron with an e g symmetry of surface transition metal cations in an oxide. The peak OER activity was predicted to be at an e g occupancy close to unity, with high covalency of transition metal–oxygen bonds.
3,876 citations
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TL;DR: Reaction Mechanism, Synthesis of Urea and Urethane Derivatives, and Alcohol Homologation 2382 10.1.
Abstract: 4.3. Reaction Mechanism 2373 4.4. Asymmetric Synthesis 2374 4.5. Outlook 2374 5. Alternating Polymerization of Oxiranes and CO2 2374 5.1. Reaction Outlines 2374 5.2. Catalyst 2376 5.3. Asymmetric Polymerization 2377 5.4. Immobilized Catalysts 2377 6. Synthesis of Urea and Urethane Derivatives 2378 7. Synthesis of Carboxylic Acid 2379 8. Synthesis of Esters and Lactones 2380 9. Synthesis of Isocyanates 2382 10. Hydrogenation and Hydroformylation, and Alcohol Homologation 2382
3,203 citations
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TL;DR: A critical review of recent developments in hydrogenation reaction, with emphases on catalytic reactivity, reactor innovation, and reaction mechanism, provides an overview regarding the challenges and opportunities for future research in the field.
Abstract: Owing to the increasing emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), human life and the ecological environment have been affected by global warming and climate changes. To mitigate the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere various strategies have been implemented such as separation, storage, and utilization of CO2. Although it has been explored for many years, hydrogenation reaction, an important representative among chemical conversions of CO2, offers challenging opportunities for sustainable development in energy and the environment. Indeed, the hydrogenation of CO2 not only reduces the increasing CO2 buildup but also produces fuels and chemicals. In this critical review we discuss recent developments in this area, with emphases on catalytic reactivity, reactor innovation, and reaction mechanism. We also provide an overview regarding the challenges and opportunities for future research in the field (319 references).
2,539 citations
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TL;DR: Density functional theory calculations explain copper's unique ability to convert CO2 into hydrocarbons, which may open up (photo-)electrochemical routes to fuels as mentioned in this paper, which may lead to new energy sources.
Abstract: Density functional theory calculations explain copper's unique ability to convert CO2 into hydrocarbons, which may open up (photo-)electrochemical routes to fuels.
2,420 citations