scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Book ChapterDOI

Enhanced Decentralized Management of Patient-Driven Interoperability Based on Blockchain

TL;DR: A blockchain based patient-driven interoperability system that provides patients an immutable log and easy access to their health data across the healthcare organizations and discussed how the system can leverage blockchain.
Abstract: In healthcare, interoperability has been focused recently, in which, Electronic Health Record (EHR) is patient-centric. However, patient-centered interoperability brings new challenges and requirements, like security and privacy, advance technology, immutability, transparency and trust among applications. Data related to healthcare is an asset of a patient that must be controlled and owned by patient. In this paper, we have proposed a blockchain based patient-driven interoperability and discussed how we can leverage blockchain. Blockchain facilitates us in data liquidity, data immutability, data aggregation, patient identity, digital access rules, incentives and clinical data volume. Our system provides patients an immutable log and easy access to their health data across the healthcare organizations. Furthermore, patient authorize healthcare organizations to access their health data. Stakeholders (patients and healthcare organization) of EHRs are also incentivized if any organization wants to access their health data.
Citations
More filters
Proceedings ArticleDOI
14 Dec 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the possibilities for blockchain technology and the use cases in the healthcare industry specifically, and how the different industries within the Healthcare industry can implement a blockchain system.
Abstract: Blockchain, cryptographically linked blocks of data, is the key technology behind the infamous cryptocurrency Bitcoin, however, blockchain can serve more use cases than just cryptocurrency The technology has use cases in any industry that generates and transfers data In a use case such as cryptocurrency the blockchain is used to manage transactions from peer-to-peer in a way that does not allow for that transaction's data to be manipulated by one of the involved parties or a third party This is a valuable process that other industries could leverage One such industry that could benefit from applying blockchain technology for a multitude of cases is the healthcare industry Primary care doctors could be connected to a blockchain system that allowed them to access patient data and securely monitor the respective patient, pharmaceutical companies could increase their products validity in the marketplace with individual product tracking, and the insurance industry could trust all the information about a client All of these are possible use cases for blockchain in the healthcare industry Currently, the healthcare industry is not leveraging the blockchain at scale Within this paper we are going to explore the possibilities for blockchain technology and the use cases in the healthcare industry specifically, and how the different industries within the healthcare industry can implement a blockchain system

7 citations

TL;DR: This paper aims to demonstrate the efforts towards in-situ applicability of ECE in the field of computer science and its applications in the rapidly changing environment.
Abstract: Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan School of Information Technology, Illinois State University USA, Normal, IL 61761, USA School of Computer Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia Department of EE, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Bannu 28100, Pakistan Department of Computer Science, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia Department of ECE, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This presented technique aims at introducing decentralized consensus blockchain and Interplanetary file system (IPFS) based data aggregation for effective classification and data storage and is said to be effective in time consumption, classifier performance, and in overcoming space complexity issues.
Abstract: By the development and advancement of blockchain technique, Internet of Things (IoT) proliferation driven devices and the application of blockchain-enabled IoT alter the view and operating infrastructure of the smart networks. The blockchain is responsible for supporting decentralized systems and offers secured means of authentication, management, and access to IoT system thereby deploying smart contracts offered by Ethereum. The increasing demand and the blockchain expansion generate huge volume of sensitive data. The growing demand and expansion of blockchain-IoT systems is generating large volume of sensitive data. Furthermore, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks are regarded as the most promising threats for smart contracts in the blockchain-based systems. Therefore, there is a need to detect and classify the attack type and the data should be stored in server more securely with the use of blockchain and data aggregation method. For this purpose, this presented technique aims at introducing decentralized consensus blockchain and Interplanetary file system (IPFS) based data aggregation for effective classification and data storage. The attack is detected using meta-hyperparameter random forest (MHP-RF) classifier. Once the attack is detected, the transaction information is stored in server securely by means of smart contract-based blockchain system. The transaction handling stage classifies the transaction type as normal or abnormal one which then followed by execution of business logic by smart contract thereby appending the transaction of blockchain in the network cloud. The consensus blockchain technique is employed with the use of PoW-enabled scheme integrated with Elgamal-based data aggregation. Therefore, the system security is improved and the intrusion is prevented greatly. The performance analysis of the system is analyzed in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F-score, Encryption time, decryption time, execution time, and space complexity. The attained outcomes are compared with traditional approaches to prove the effectiveness of proposed strategy. The proposed system is said to be effective in time consumption, classifier performance, and in overcoming space complexity issues.

4 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
15 Jun 2020
TL;DR: This work employed conditional anonymity and introduced Monitoring Authority (MA) in the system and pseudonyms are assigned to the vehicles while their real identities are stored in Certification Authority (CA) in encrypted form to prevent behavioural privacy leakage.
Abstract: Advertisement sharing in vehicular network through vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication is a fascinating in-vehicle service for advertisers and the users due to multiple reasons. It enable advertisers to promote their product or services in the region of their interest. Also the users get to receive more relevant ads. Usually, users tend to contribute in dissemination of ads if their privacy is preserved and if some incentive is provided. Recent researches have focused on enabling both of the parameters for the users by developing fair incentive mechanism which preserves privacy by using Zero-Knowledge Proof of Knowledge (ZKPoK) (Ming et al., 2019). However, the anonymity provided by ZKPoK can introduce internal attacker scenarios in the network due to which authenticated users can disseminate fake ads in the network without payment. As the existing scheme uses certificate-less cryptography, due to which malicious users cannot be removed from the network. In order to resolve these challenges, we employed conditional anonymity and introduced Monitoring Authority (MA) in the system. In our proposed scheme, the pseudonyms are assigned to the vehicles while their real identities are stored in Certification Authority (CA) in encrypted form. The pseudonyms are updated after a pre-defined time threshold to prevent behavioural privacy leakage. We performed security and performance analysis to show the efficiency of our proposed system.

3 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the methodologies used in the available solutions and compare several of their characteristics, including throughput, average block confirmation time, and consensus mechanism, and present the projects currently implementing these protocols and their future directions.
Abstract: Blockchain technology is evolving rapidly; it has proved to be capable of solving many of the issues encountered by industries such as banking, supply chain management, and healthcare. However, several challenges must be overcome for it to reach its full potential and be adopted on a large scale. In a blockchain context, interoperability is the ability to connect multiple networks, thus enabling the exchange of assets, the invocation of smart contracts, and the verification of data, all while ensuring consistency between systems. In reality, most of the existing blockchain networks operate in a stand-alone environment, isolated from other blockchain networks. This causes a lack of communication that further leads to restrictions imposed on data, i.e., preventing it from transmitting freely to and from various blockchains regardless of the underlying infrastructure. Given the potential of blockchain interoperability, researchers have proposed many protocols over the last few years, and the solutions being offered are on the rise. In this chapter, we will discuss the methodologies used in the available solutions and compare several of their characteristics, including throughput, average block confirmation time, and consensus mechanism. Furthermore, we will present the projects currently implementing these protocols and their future directions.

1 citations

References
More filters
Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2016
TL;DR: This paper proposes MedRec: a novel, decentralized record management system to handle EMRs, using blockchain technology, and incentivizes medical stakeholders to participate in the network as blockchain “miners”, enabling the emergence of data economics.
Abstract: Years of heavy regulation and bureaucratic inefficiency have slowed innovation for electronic medical records (EMRs). We now face a critical need for such innovation, as personalization and data science prompt patients to engage in the details of their healthcare and restore agency over their medical data. In this paper, we propose MedRec: a novel, decentralized record management system to handle EMRs, using blockchain technology. Our system gives patients a comprehensive, immutable log and easy access to their medical information across providers and treatment sites. Leveraging unique blockchain properties, MedRec manages authentication, confidentiality, accountability and data sharing -- crucial considerations when handling sensitive information. A modular design integrates with providers' existing, local data storage solutions, facilitating interoperability and making our system convenient and adaptable. We incentivize medical stakeholders (researchers, public health authorities, etc.) to participate in the network as blockchain "miners". This provides them with access to aggregate, anonymized data as mining rewards, in return for sustaining and securing the network via Proof of Work. MedRec thus enables the emergence of data economics, supplying big data to empower researchers while engaging patients and providers in the choice to release metadata. The purpose of this short paper is to expose, prior to field tests, a working prototype through which we analyze and discuss our approach.

1,578 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Simulation results reveal that the proposed system is effective and feasible in collecting, calculating, and storing trust values in vehicular networks.
Abstract: Vehicular networks enable vehicles to generate and broadcast messages in order to improve traffic safety and efficiency. However, due to the nontrusted environments, it is difficult for vehicles to evaluate the credibilities of received messages. In this paper, we propose a decentralized trust management system in vehicular networks based on blockchain techniques. In this system, vehicles can validate the received messages from neighboring vehicles using Bayesian Inference Model. Based on the validation result, the vehicle will generate a rating for each message source vehicle. With the ratings uploaded from vehicles, roadside units (RSUs) calculate the trust value offsets of involved vehicles and pack these data into a “block.” Then, each RSU will try to add their “blocks” to the trust blockchain which is maintained by all the RSUs. By employing the joint proof-of-work (PoW) and proof-of-stake consensus mechanism, the more total value of offsets (stake) is in the block, the easier RSU can find the nonce for the hash function (PoW). In this way, all RSUs collaboratively maintain an updated, reliable, and consistent trust blockchain. Simulation results reveal that the proposed system is effective and feasible in collecting, calculating, and storing trust values in vehicular networks.

650 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: FHIRChain is a blockchain-based architecture designed to meet ONC requirements by encapsulating the HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard for shared clinical data and a FHIR chain-based decentralized app using digital health identities to authenticate participants in a case study of collaborative decision making for remote cancer care.
Abstract: Secure and scalable data sharing is essential for collaborative clinical decision making. Conventional clinical data efforts are often siloed, however, which creates barriers to efficient information exchange and impedes effective treatment decision made for patients. This paper provides four contributions to the study of applying blockchain technology to clinical data sharing in the context of technical requirements defined in the "Shared Nationwide Interoperability Roadmap" from the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC). First, we analyze the ONC requirements and their implications for blockchain-based systems. Second, we present FHIRChain, which is a blockchain-based architecture designed to meet ONC requirements by encapsulating the HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard for shared clinical data. Third, we demonstrate a FHIRChain-based decentralized app using digital health identities to authenticate participants in a case study of collaborative decision making for remote cancer care. Fourth, we highlight key lessons learned from our case study.

455 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An IoT E-business model is proposed, which is specially designed for the IoTE-business, which redesign many elements in traditional E- business models; and the transaction of smart property and paid data on the IoT with the help of P2P trade based on the Blockchain and smart contract is realized.
Abstract: Nowadays, the development of traditional business models become more and more mature that people use them to guide various kinds of E-business activities. Internet of things (IoT), being an innovative revolution over the Internet, becomes a new platform for E-business. However, old business models could hardly fit for the E-business on the IoT. In this article, we 1) propose an IoT E-business model, which is specially designed for the IoT E-business; 2) redesign many elements in traditional E-business models; 3) realize the transaction of smart property and paid data on the IoT with the help of P2P trade based on the Blockchain and smart contract. We also experiment our design and make a comprehensive discuss.

450 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors look at how blockchain technology might facilitate the transition from institution-centric to patient-centric data sharing through five mechanisms: (1) digital access rules, (2) data aggregation, (3) data liquidity, (4) patient identity and (5) data immutability.
Abstract: Interoperability in healthcare has traditionally been focused around data exchange between business entities, for example, different hospital systems. However, there has been a recent push towards patient-driven interoperability, in which health data exchange is patient-mediated and patient-driven. Patient-centered interoperability, however, brings with it new challenges and requirements around security and privacy, technology, incentives, and governance that must be addressed for this type of data sharing to succeed at scale. In this paper, we look at how blockchain technology might facilitate this transition through five mechanisms: (1) digital access rules, (2) data aggregation, (3) data liquidity, (4) patient identity, and (5) data immutability. We then look at barriers to blockchain-enabled patient-driven interoperability, specifically clinical data transaction volume, privacy and security, patient engagement, and incentives. We conclude by noting that while patient-driving interoperability is an exciting trend in healthcare, given these challenges, it remains to be seen whether blockchain can facilitate the transition from institution-centric to patient-centric data sharing.

430 citations