Enhanced performance and stability of inverted planar perovskite solar cells by incorporating 1,6-diaminohexane dihydrochloride additive
TL;DR: In this paper, 1,6-Diaminohexane hexane Dihydrochloride (1 6-DD) is introduced into perovskite precursors to fabricate the inverted planar perovsite solar cells.
Abstract: Herein, 1,6-Diaminohexane Dihydrochloride (1,6-DD) is introduced into perovskite precursors to fabricate the inverted planar perovskite solar cells By regulating the concentration of 1,6-DD additive, the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells is enhanced by 20% The champion device achieves a relatively high PCE of 17% and an excellent fill factor of 801% The PCE of the large-area (1 cm2) device also reaches to 1368% After exposure to the air for 16 days, the device with 1,6-DD additive still retains above 90% of the initial efficiency, exhibiting good stability We demonstrate that a small amount of 1,6-DD affects the crystallization dynamic, yielding ideal perovskite film with enhanced crystallinity and enlarged grain size The two terminal -NH3+ groups passivates the vacancy defects at the perovskite crystal surface, suppressing charge recombination and facilitating charge transportation effectively Meanwhile, adjacent crystal surfaces are linked through the hexane alkyl chain of 1,6-DD molecule, which enhances the interaction between perovskite grains and anchors the microstructure of perovskite to some degree Hydrophobic hexane alkyl chains also increase the moisture resistance of perovskite film Thus, an easy and effective way is provided for fabricating efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
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TL;DR: In this paper, the interplay between the thermal degradation and the hydrophobicity of perovskite materials is investigated, and the salt 1-(4-ethenylbenzyl)-3-(3,3, 4,4, 5,5,6, 6,7, 7,8, 8, 8-8-8)-tridecafluorooctylimidazolium iodide (ETI) additive is employed as an additive in hybrid perovsites, endowing the photoactive materials with high thermal stability
Abstract: Recent years have witnessed considerable progress in the development of solar cells based on lead halide perovskite materials. However, their intrinsic instability remains a limitation. In this context, the interplay between the thermal degradation and the hydrophobicity of perovskite materials is investigated. To this end, the salt 1-(4-ethenylbenzyl)-3-(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooctylimidazolium iodide (ETI), is employed as an additive in hybrid perovskites, endowing the photoactive materials with high thermal stability and hydrophobicity. The ETI additive inhibits methylammonium (MA) permeation in methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) occurring due to intrinsic thermal degradation, by inhibiting out-diffusion of the MA+ cation, preserving the pristine material and preventing decomposition. With this simple approach, high efficiency solar cells based on the unstable MAPbI3 perovskite are markedly stabilized under maximum power point tracking, leading to greater than twice the preserved efficiency after 700 h of continuous light illumination and heating (60 °C). These results suggest a strategy to tackle the intrinsic thermal decomposition of MAI, an essential component in all state-of-the-art perovskite compositions.
53 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a low-cost fluorinated N',N',N'',N''-tetrakis(4methoxyphenyl)spiro[fluorene-9,9'-xanthene]-2,7-diamine (2mF-X59) was synthesized and applied as sensitive-dopant-free HTL into CsPbI2Br PSCs.
Abstract: Hole transport layers (HTLs) plays critical role in CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, few studies have been done to develop new and sensitive-dopant-free HTL for CsPbI2Br PSCs. Here, a low-cost fluorinated N',N',N'',N''-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)spiro[fluorene-9,9'-xanthene]-2,7-diamine (2mF-X59) was synthesized and applied as sensitive-dopant-free HTL into CsPbI2Br PSCs. After modified the 2mF-X59 and CsPbI2Br surface by 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquino-dimethane (F4-TCNQ), a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.42% was obtained for CsPbI2Br PSC with an impressive open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.23 V, which is higher than that of the most previously reported CsPbI2Br PSCs with the doped Spiro-OMeTAD. More importantly, the CsPbI2Br PSCs with the newly developed HTLs showed remarkable stability retaining more than 94% of their initial PCE value after aging in air for 30 days without encapsulation. Therefore, we firmly believe that our new 2mF-X59 HTL created via molecular engineering is a promising candidate for preparing high performance CsPbI2Br PSCs.
25 citations
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TL;DR: Li et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed to fabricate NiO thin films at relatively low temperature by spray combustion method, which performed better than that by spin-coating method, and demonstrated a facial method to get NIO thin film in low temperature which was good for the further research of perovskite solar cells.
Abstract: As a potential hole transport material for perovskite solar cells, nickel oxide presents attractive properties in stability and price. However, in most cases, NiO thin films are prepared in high temperature, which is not suitable for the wide application of perovskite solar cells. In this work, we proposed to fabricate NiO thin films at relatively low temperature by spray combustion method, which performed better than that by spin-coating method. The optimal ratio of nickel nitrate to acetylacetone, combustion induced temperature, and spraying volume of precursor were completely investigated. Based on these conditions, we obtained a uniform and dense NiO thin film with proper thickness, which were further employed as hole transport film for invert perovskite solar cell. A highest efficiency of 12.7% was achieved for perovskite solar cells. Moreover, a stable current output at 0.8 V in 300 s was observed in the best-performing perovskite solar cell. In a word, this work demonstrated a facial method to get NiO thin film in low temperature which was good for the further research of perovskite solar cells.
18 citations
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TL;DR: An additive-assisted strategy enabled by poly(acrylic acid) molecular doping to connect wide gaps between the large domains and passivate defects in the bladed perovskite film was reported in this article.
Abstract: Organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells have achieved efficiency over 23% in the last few years. However, most perovskite solar cells have been fabricated by lab-scale spin-coating method and the strategy for the doctor-bladed device improvement is quite limited. In this study, we report an additive-assisted strategy enabled by Poly(acrylic acid) molecular doping to connect wide gaps between the large domains and passivate defects in the bladed perovskite film. Using this strategy, we obtain a smooth, uniform, and pin-hole free doctor-bladed perovskite film of high electronical quality, which are proved by detailed laser spectroscopy. Consequently, the P-i-N planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells with these bladed thin films achieve considerable enhancement of power conversion efficiency from 10.3% to 14.9% compared to the control device. This work represents an alternative pathway for scalable, cost-effective manufacturing of high performance perovskite devices.
16 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the state-of-the-art perovskite solar cells (PSCs) still contain thermally unstable methylammonium (MA) cation.
Abstract: Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted considerable attention as a prominent photovoltaic technology, yet the state-of-the-art PSCs still contain thermally unstable methylammonium (MA) cation...
14 citations
References
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TL;DR: Two organolead halide perovskite nanocrystals were found to efficiently sensitize TiO(2) for visible-light conversion in photoelectrochemical cells, which exhibit strong band-gap absorptions as semiconductors.
Abstract: Two organolead halide perovskite nanocrystals, CH3NH3PbBr3 and CH3NH3PbI3, were found to efficiently sensitize TiO2 for visible-light conversion in photoelectrochemical cells. When self-assembled on mesoporous TiO2 films, the nanocrystalline perovskites exhibit strong band-gap absorptions as semiconductors. The CH3NH3PbI3-based photocell with spectral sensitivity of up to 800 nm yielded a solar energy conversion efficiency of 3.8%. The CH3NH3PbBr3-based cell showed a high photovoltage of 0.96 V with an external quantum conversion efficiency of 65%.
13,033 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, transient absorption and photoluminescence-quenching measurements were performed to determine the electron-hole diffusion lengths, diffusion constants, and lifetimes in mixed halide and triiodide perovskite absorbers.
Abstract: Organic-inorganic perovskites have shown promise as high-performance absorbers in solar cells, first as a coating on a mesoporous metal oxide scaffold and more recently as a solid layer in planar heterojunction architectures. Here, we report transient absorption and photoluminescence-quenching measurements to determine the electron-hole diffusion lengths, diffusion constants, and lifetimes in mixed halide (CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Cl(x)) and triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite absorbers. We found that the diffusion lengths are greater than 1 micrometer in the mixed halide perovskite, which is an order of magnitude greater than the absorption depth. In contrast, the triiodide absorber has electron-hole diffusion lengths of ~100 nanometers. These results justify the high efficiency of planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells and identify a critical parameter to optimize for future perovskite absorber development.
6,875 citations
Journal Article•
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TL;DR: In this paper, transient absorption and photoluminescence-quenching measurements were performed to determine the electron-hole diffusion lengths, diffusion constants, and lifetimes in mixed halide and triiodide perovskite absorbers.
Abstract: Organic-inorganic perovskites have shown promise as high-performance absorbers in solar cells, first as a coating on a mesoporous metal oxide scaffold and more recently as a solid layer in planar heterojunction architectures. Here, we report transient absorption and photoluminescence-quenching measurements to determine the electron-hole diffusion lengths, diffusion constants, and lifetimes in mixed halide (CH3NH3PbI(3-x)Cl(x)) and triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite absorbers. We found that the diffusion lengths are greater than 1 micrometer in the mixed halide perovskite, which is an order of magnitude greater than the absorption depth. In contrast, the triiodide absorber has electron-hole diffusion lengths of ~100 nanometers. These results justify the high efficiency of planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells and identify a critical parameter to optimize for future perovskite absorber development.
6,454 citations
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TL;DR: The introduction of additional iodide ions into the organic cation solution, which is used to form the perovskite layers through an intramolecular exchanging process, decreases the concentration of deep-level defects, enabling the fabrication of PSCs with a certified power conversion efficiency.
Abstract: The formation of a dense and uniform thin layer on the substrates is crucial for the fabrication of high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) containing formamidinium with multiple cations and mixed halide anions. The concentration of defect states, which reduce a cell’s performance by decreasing the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density, needs to be as low as possible. We show that the introduction of additional iodide ions into the organic cation solution, which are used to form the perovskite layers through an intramolecular exchanging process, decreases the concentration of deep-level defects. The defect-engineered thin perovskite layers enable the fabrication of PSCs with a certified power conversion efficiency of 22.1% in small cells and 19.7% in 1-square-centimeter cells.
3,968 citations
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TL;DR: A solution-based hot-casting technique is demonstrated to grow continuous, pinhole-free thin films of organometallic perovskites with millimeter-scale crystalline grains that are applicable to several other material systems plagued by polydispersity, defects, and grain boundary recombination in solution-processed thin films.
Abstract: State-of-the-art photovoltaics use high-purity, large-area, wafer-scale single-crystalline semiconductors grown by sophisticated, high-temperature crystal growth processes. We demonstrate a solution-based hot-casting technique to grow continuous, pinhole-free thin films of organometallic perovskites with millimeter-scale crystalline grains. We fabricated planar solar cells with efficiencies approaching 18%, with little cell-to-cell variability. The devices show hysteresis-free photovoltaic response, which had been a fundamental bottleneck for the stable operation of perovskite devices. Characterization and modeling attribute the improved performance to reduced bulk defects and improved charge carrier mobility in large-grain devices. We anticipate that this technique will lead the field toward synthesis of wafer-scale crystalline perovskites, necessary for the fabrication of high-efficiency solar cells, and will be applicable to several other material systems plagued by polydispersity, defects, and grain boundary recombination in solution-processed thin films.
2,626 citations