Enhancement of enzymatic saccharification of cellulose by cellulose dissolution pretreatments
TL;DR: In this article, four cellulose dissolution agents, NaOH/Urea solution, N-methylmorpholine-Noxide (NMMO), ionic liquid (1-butyl-3methylimidazolium chloride; [BMIM]Cl) and 85% phosphoric acid were employed to dissolve cotton cellulose.
About: This article is published in Carbohydrate Polymers.The article was published on 2009-05-22. It has received 269 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Cellulose & Cellulase.
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TL;DR: Ionic liquid pretreatment enabled a significant enhancement in the rate of enzyme hydrolysis of the cellulose component of switchgrass, with a rate increase of 16.7-fold, and a glucan yield of 96.0% obtained in 24h.
995 citations
Cites background from "Enhancement of enzymatic saccharifi..."
...…diffraction pattern are significantly weakened and shifted to 20.1 , indicating that there is minimal structural order in the cellulose after ionic liquid pretreatment (Kuo and Lee, 2009; Lee et al., 2009), and is likely due to the transformation from cellulose I to cellulose II (Sun et al., 2009)....
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TL;DR: Different leading pretreatment technologies are reviewed along with their latest developments and their advantages and disadvantages with respect to subsequent hydrolysis and fermentation with a focus on how the treatment greatly enhances enzymatic cellulose digestibility.
Abstract: Overcoming the recalcitrance (resistance of plant cell walls to deconstruction) of lignocellulosic biomass is a key step in the production of fuels and chemicals. The recalcitrance is due to the highly crystalline structure of cellulose which is embedded in a matrix of polymers-lignin and hemicellulose. The main goal of pretreatment is to overcome this recalcitrance, to separate the cellulose from the matrix polymers, and to make it more accessible for enzymatic hydrolysis. Reports have shown that pretreatment can improve sugar yields to higher than 90% theoretical yield for biomass such as wood, grasses, and corn. This paper reviews different leading pretreatment technologies along with their latest developments and highlights their advantages and disadvantages with respect to subsequent hydrolysis and fermentation. The effects of different technologies on the components of biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) are also reviewed with a focus on how the treatment greatly enhances enzymatic cellulose digestibility.
810 citations
Cites background from "Enhancement of enzymatic saccharifi..."
...Cellulose regenerated from NMMO solutions has also yielded increased rates of hydrolysis by cellulose, thus highlighting its ability to disrupt the crystalline structure of cellulose [91, 92]....
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TL;DR: An overview of BC structure, biosynthesis, applications, state-of-the-art advances in enhancing BC production, and its material properties through the investigations of genetic regulations, fermentation parameters, and bioreactor design is presented.
Abstract: Bacterial cellulose (BC) as a never-dried biopolymer synthesized in abundance by Gluconacetobacter xylinus is in a pure form which requires no intensive processing to remove unwanted impurities and contaminants such as lignin, pectin and hemicellulose. In contrast to plant cellulose, BC, with several remarkable physical properties, can be grown to any desired shape and structure to meet the needs of different applications. BC has been commercialized as diet foods, filtration membranes, paper additives, and wound dressings. This review article presents an overview of BC structure, biosynthesis, applications, state-of-the-art advances in enhancing BC production, and its material properties through the investigations of genetic regulations, fermentation parameters, and bioreactor design. In addition, future prospects on its applications through chemical modification as a new biologically active derivative will be discussed.
347 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an amino-functionalized magnetic cellulose composite was prepared by a process involving: (1) synthesis of magnetic silica nanoparticles using the co-precipitation method followed by the hydrolysis of sodium silicate, (2) coating with cellulose through the regeneration of cellulose dissolved in 7 wt% NaOH/12 wt%) urea aqueous solvent, grafting of glycidyl methacrylate using cerium initiated polymerization and (4) ring-opening reaction of epoxy groups with ethylenediamine
334 citations
TL;DR: An overview of the most important pretreatment methods available, including those that are based on the use of green solvents (supercritical fluids and ionic liquids) and those that have a lower impact on the environment.
Abstract: Lignocellulosic materials, such as forest, agriculture, and agroindustrial residues, are among the most important resources for biorefineries to provide fuels, chemicals, and materials in such a way to substitute for, at least in part, the role of petrochemistry in modern society. Most of these sustainable biorefinery products can be produced from plant polysaccharides (glucans, hemicelluloses, starch, and pectic materials) and lignin. In this scenario, cellulosic ethanol has been considered for decades as one of the most promising alternatives to mitigate fossil fuel dependence and carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere. However, a pretreatment method is required to overcome the physical and chemical barriers that exist in the lignin-carbohydrate composite and to render most, if not all, of the plant cell wall components easily available for conversion into valuable products, including the fuel ethanol. Hence, pretreatment is a key step for an economically viable biorefinery. Successful pretreatment method must lead to partial or total separation of the lignocellulosic components, increasing the accessibility of holocellulose to enzymatic hydrolysis with the least inhibitory compounds being released for subsequent steps of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Each pretreatment technology has a different specificity against both carbohydrates and lignin and may or may not be efficient for different types of biomasses. Furthermore, it is also desirable to develop pretreatment methods with chemicals that are greener and effluent streams that have a lower impact on the environment. This paper provides an overview of the most important pretreatment methods available, including those that are based on the use of green solvents (supercritical fluids and ionic liquids).
307 citations
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25,389 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the reliability of the various Somogyi-Shaffer-Hartmann (SHH) copper reagents for glucose determination in biological material has been established, which can be accomplished by omission of the iodide and iodate in their preparation, since these interfere with the molybdate color reagents.
10,346 citations
TL;DR: This paper reviews process parameters and their fundamental modes of action for promising pretreatment methods and concludes that pretreatment processing conditions must be tailored to the specific chemical and structural composition of the various, and variable, sources of lignocellulosic biomass.
6,110 citations
TL;DR: Cooney et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed a new committee for the first time in 1981, with the following members: H. H. Cooney (USA), V. G. E. Ertola (Argentina; 1981-85); P. P. Stewart (Canada; Associate 1981-83); J. K. Jagannathan (India; 1983, 1985); L. C. Deliweg (FRG); 1983-85; G. G E. Righelato (UK); 1983, 85; and R. L. Davis (
Abstract: Chairman: 1981—83 H. Deliweg (FRG); 1983—85 C. L. Cooney (USA); Vice-Chairman: 1981—83 C. L. Cooney (USA); 1983—85 M. Ringpfeil (GDR); Secretary: 1981—83 R. C. Righelato (UK); 1983—85 G. G. Stewart (Canada); Titular and Associate Members: H. T. Blachère (France; Titular 1981—83); V. K. Eroshin (USSR; Associate 1981—83); A. Fiechter (Switzerland; Associate 1981—83); T. K. Ghose (India; Titular 1981—85); P. P. Gray (Australia; Associate 1983—85); J. Holló (Hungary; Titular 1981—83); A. E. Humphrey (USA; Associate 1981—83); M. Linko (Finland; Associate 1983—85); R. C. Righelato (UK; Associate 1983—85); G. G. Stewart (Canada; Associate 1981—83); J. Takahashi (Japan; Titular 1981—83); J. E. Zajic (USA; Associate 1981—83); National Representatives: R. J. Ertola (Argentina; 1981—85); P. P. Gray (Australia; 1981—83); H. J. G. Wutzel (Austria; 1981—85); W. Borzani (Brazil; 1981—85); M. Moo-Young (Canada; 1983—85); B. Sikyta (Czechoslovakia; 1981—85); K. Von Meyenburg (Denmark; 1981—85); H. Dellweg (FRG; 1983—85); M. Linko (Finland; 1981—83); L. Penasse (France; 1983—85); M. Ringpfeil (GDR; 1981—83); J. Holló (Hungary; 1983—85); V. Jagannathan (India; 1983—85); L. Goldstein (Israel; 1983—85); F. Parisi (Italy; 1983—85); S. Fukui (Japan; 1981—85); B. G. Yeoch (Malaysia; 1983—85); 0. Ilnicka-Olejiniczak (Poland; 1981—83); E. Galas (Poland; 1983—85); A. Fiechter (Switzerland; 1983—85); V. Johanides (Yugoslavia; 1981—85).
5,700 citations
TL;DR: The crystallite size was decreased to constant value for Cell 2 treated at >or= 15 wt% NaOH, and the crystalliteSize of Cell 2-C (cellulose II) was smaller than that of Cell 1 ( cellulose I) treated at 5-10 wt%, and the CI(XD) was calculated by the method of Jayme and Knolle.
1,113 citations