Enhancement of hydrogen production from glucose by nitrogen gas sparging.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of N2 sparging on hydrogen yield was investigated in non-sterile conditions using a hydrogen-producing mixed culture previously enriched from soya bean meal.
About: This article is published in Bioresource Technology.The article was published on 2000-05-01. It has received 555 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Hydrogen production & Hydrogen.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare the hydrogen production rates of various bio-hydrogen systems by first standardizing the units of hydrogen production and then calculating the size of biohydrogen system that would be required to power proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells of various sizes.
1,488 citations
TL;DR: There are several biological processing strategies that produce bioenergy or biochemicals while treating industrial and agricultural wastewater, including methanogenic anaerobic digestion, biological hydrogen production, microbial fuel cells and fermentation for production of valuable products, but there are also scientific and technical barriers to the implementation of these strategies.
1,122 citations
Cites background from "Enhancement of hydrogen production ..."
...pH and substrate levels Batch Sucrose 2.5 [21] Hydrogen partial pressure CSTR Glucose 1.4 [ 68 ]...
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TL;DR: The effect of pH on the conversion of glucose to hydrogen by a mixed culture of fermentative bacteria was evaluated and the diversity of microbial communities increased with pH, based on 16S rDNA analysis by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE).
967 citations
TL;DR: This article reviewed information from continuous laboratory studies of fermentative hydrogen production useful when considering practical applications of the technology, including the need to manage spore germination and oxygen toxicity on start-up and control sporulation in adverse circumstances during reactor operation.
902 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, over 160 publications related to fermentative hydrogen production from wastewater and solid wastes by mixed cultures are compiled and analyzed, including pre-treatment conditions for screening hydrogen-producing bacteria from anaerobic sludge or soil, and the process and performance parameters for (2) single substrates in synthetic wastewaters, (3) actual wastewater, and (4) solid wastes.
Abstract: Over 160 publications related to fermentative hydrogen production from wastewater and solid wastes by mixed cultures are compiled and analyzed. Of the 98 reported cases, 57 used single substrates (mainly carbohydrates), 8 used actual wastewater, and 33 used solid wastes for hydrogen conversion. The key information is compiled in four tables: (1) pretreatment conditions for screening hydrogen-producing bacteria from anaerobic sludge or soil, and the process and performance parameters for (2) single substrates in synthetic wastewaters, (3) actual wastewaters, and (4) solid wastes. Process parameters discussed include pH, temperature, hydraulic retention time, seed sludge, nutrients, inhibitors, reactor design, and the means used for lowering hydrogen partial pressure. Performance parameters discussed include hydrogen yield, maximum volumetric production rate, maximum specific production rate, and conversion efficiency. The outlook for this new technology is discussed at the end.
758 citations
Cites background or methods from "Enhancement of hydrogen production ..."
...The highest reported conversion efficiencies from solid wastes so far were 64% from a bean curd manufacturing waste and a rice slurry in batch process (Mizuno et al., 2000b; Fang et al., 2006) and 80% from a mixed foodand-paper waste in a semicontinuous process (Valdez-Vazquez et al., 2005)....
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...These include vigorous mixing to avoid supersaturation (Lay, 2000), uses of nitrogen (Mizuno et al., 2000a; Hussy et al., 2003, 2005), and hydrogen-permeable membrane to remove dissolved hydrogen from mixed liquor (Liang et al., 2002), and continuous pressure release (Logan et al., 2002)....
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...CSTR has been used for hydrogen conversion from synthetic wastewaters containing glucose (Lin and Chang, 1999, 2004; Mizuno et al., 2000a; Fang and Liu, 2002; Fang et al., 2002b, 2004; Horiuchi et al., 2002; Iyer et al., 2004; Zhang et al., 2004), sucrose (Fang et al., 2002a, 2004; Fang and Liu,…...
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...…Lay (2000) reported that increasing mixing in an CSTR from 100 to 700 rpm enhanced the hydrogen production rate from starch by 130%, from 0.7 to 1.6 L H2/L/d. Mizuno et al. (2000) demonstrated that sparging inert nitrogen in a CSTR increased the hydrogen yield from 120 to 195 ml H2/g hexose....
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...Similarly, Lay (2000) reported that increasing mixing in an CSTR from 100 to 700 rpm enhanced the hydrogen production rate from starch by 130%, from 0.7 to 1.6 L H2/L/d. Mizuno et al. (2000) demonstrated that sparging inert nitrogen in a CSTR increased the hydrogen yield from 120 to 195 ml H2/g hexose....
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References
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Book•
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: The most widely read reference in the water industry, Water Industry Reference as discussed by the authors, is a comprehensive reference tool for water analysis methods that covers all aspects of USEPA-approved water analysis.
Abstract: Set your standards with these standard methods. This is it: the most widely read publication in the water industry, your all-inclusive reference tool. This comprehensive reference covers all aspects of USEPA-approved water analysis methods. More than 400 methods - all detailed step-by-step; 8 vibrant, full-color pages of aquatic algae illustrations; Never-before-seen figures that will help users with toxicity testing and the identification of apparatus used in the methods; Over 300 superbly illustrated figures; A new analytical tool for a number of inorganic nonmetals; Improved coverage of data evaluation, sample preservation, and reagant water; And much more!
78,324 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a method was developed to determine submicro amounts of sugars and related substances using a phenol-sulfuric acid reaction, which is useful for the determination of the composition of polysaccharides and their methyl derivatives.
Abstract: Simple sugars, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and their derivatives, including the methyl ethers with free or potentially free reducing groups, give an orangeyellow color w-hen treated with phenol and concentrated sulfuric acid. The reaction is sensitive and the color is stable. By use of this phenol-sulfuric acid reaction, a method has been developed to determine submicro amounts of sugars and related substances. In conjunction with paper partition chromatography the method is useful for the determination of the composition of polysaccharides and their methyl derivatives.
45,381 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a simple model developed from the Gompertz equation was used to estimate the hydrogen production potential and rate from organic municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and two seed microorganisms, namely heat-pretreated digested sludge and hydrogen-producing bacteria enriched from soybean-meal silo.
764 citations
TL;DR: The fate of H2 biotechnology is presumed to be dictated by the stock of fossil fuel and state of pollution in future.
Abstract: Production of hydrogen by anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, aerobes, methylotrophs, and photosynthetic bacteria is possible. Anaerobic Clostridia are potential producers and immobilized C. butyricum produces 2 mol H2/mol glucose at 50% efficiency. Spontaneous production of H2 from formate and glucose by immobilized Escherichia coli showed 100% and 60% efficiencies, respectively. Enterobactericiae produces H2 at similar efficiency from different monosaccharides during growth. Among methylotrophs, methanogenes, rumen bacteria, and thermophilic archae, Ruminococcus albus, is promising (2.37 mol/mol glucose). Immobilized aerobic Bacillus licheniformis optimally produces 0.7 mol H2/mol glucose. Photosynthetic Rhodospirillum rubrum produces 4, 7, and 6 mol of H2 from acetate, succinate, and malate, respectively. Excellent productivity (6.2 mol H2/mol glucose) by co-cultures of Cellulomonas with a hydrogenase uptake (Hup) mutant of R. capsulata on cellulose was found. Cyanobacteria, viz., Anabaena, Synechococcus, and Oscillatoria sp., have been studied for photoproduction of H2. Immobilized A. cylindrica produces H2 (20 ml/g dry wt/h) continually for 1 year. Increased H2 productivity was found for Hup mutant of A. variabilis. Synechococcus sp. has a high potential for H2 production in fermentors and outdoor cultures. Simultaneous productions of oxychemicals and H2 by Klebseilla sp. and by enzymatic methods were also attempted. The fate of H2 biotechnology is presumed to be dictated by the stock of fossil fuel and state of pollution in future.
598 citations
TL;DR: Whether one considers the “light side” or the ‘dark side’ of hydrogen production, significant progress is being made, according to a new report from the European Commission.
Abstract: Whether one considers the “light side” or the “dark side” of hydrogen production, significant progress is being made.
463 citations