Enhancement of multiple parallel assay operations with cross contamination avoidance in a given biochip
08 Sep 2014-pp 1-7
About: The article was published on 2014-09-08. It has received 1 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Biochip.
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TL;DR: In this paper , a cross-referencing digital microfluidic biochips (DMFBs) with an efficient module placement design can be declared as a multifunctional chip or not, and a chip design which incorporates parallelism for enhancing performance in terms of assay completion time while performing multiple types of bioassays.
Abstract: Digital Microfluidic Biochips (DMFBs) perform many biochemical reactions requiring relatively less cost and very less amount of space. DMFBs that use cross-referencing addressing requires less number of pins, therefore, less manufacturing cost. However, it suffers from a problem called electrode interference, i.e., unwanted droplet operation because of an extra activated cell. DMFBs also suffer from a problem called cross-contamination, i.e., mixing of droplets with unwanted residues of droplets containing different chemicals which results in incorrect diagnosis. In this article, our objective is whether a cross-referencing DMFB with an efficient module placement design can be declared as a multifunctional chip or not. We propose a chip design which incorporates parallelism for enhancing performance in terms of assay completion time while performing multiple types of bioassays. We also propose a novel method, which automatically selects a new cross-contamination free path while routing from the source to the sink. We have included an on-chip washing scheme. The whole method ensures no Electrode Interference.
1 citations
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24 Jul 2006
TL;DR: A design automation method for pin-constrained LoCs that manipulate nanoliter volumes of discrete droplets on a microfluidic array by assigning a small number of independent control pins to a large number of electrodes in the LoC, thereby reducing design complexity and product cost.
Abstract: Microfluidics-based biochips, also referred to as lab-on-a-chip (LoC), are devices that integrate fluid-handling functions such as sample preparation, analysis, separation, and detection. This emerging technology combines electronics with biology to open new application areas such as point-of-care diagnosis, on-chip DNA analysis, and automated drug discovery. We propose a design automation method for pin-constrained LoCs that manipulate nanoliter volumes of discrete droplets on a microfluidic array. In contrast to the direct-addressing scheme that has been studied thus far in the literature, we assign a small number of independent control pins to a large number of electrodes in the LoC, thereby reducing design complexity and product cost. We apply the proposed method to a microfluidic array for a set of multiplexed bioassays.
47 citations
TL;DR: The proposed design-automation method facilitates high-throughput applications on a pin-constrained biochip, and it is evaluated using random synthetic benchmarks and a set of multiplexed bioassays.
Abstract: Digital microfluidic biochips are revolutionizing high-throughput DNA, immunoassays, and clinical diagnostics. As high-throughput bioassays are mapped to digital microfluidic platforms, the need for design automation techniques for pin-constrained biochips is being increasingly felt. However, most prior work on biochips computer-aided design has assumed independent control of the underlying electrodes using a large number of (electrical) input pins. We propose a droplet-manipulation method based on a ldquocross-referencingrdquo addressing method that uses ldquorowrdquo and ldquocolumnsrdquo to access electrodes. By mapping the droplet-movement problem on a cross-referenced chip to the clique-partitioning problem from graph theory, the proposed method allows simultaneous movement of a large number of droplets on a microfluidic array. Concurrency is enhanced through the use of an efficient scheduling algorithm that determines the order in which groups of droplets are moved. The proposed design-automation method facilitates high-throughput applications on a pin-constrained biochip, and it is evaluated using random synthetic benchmarks and a set of multiplexed bioassays.
47 citations
01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: A broadly applicable approach to optimally control digital microfluidic systems, i.e., software algorithms that generate a sequence of control signals for moving one or many droplets from start to goal positions in the shortest number of steps, subject to constraints such as minimum required separation between droplets, obstacles on the array surface, and limitations in the control circuitry.
Abstract: In digital microfluidic systems, analyte droplets (volume typically c 1~1) are transported on a planar electrode array by dielectrophoretic and electrowetting effects. While recent work has demonstrated feasibility mainly with single droplets on small arrays, these systems hold promise for commercial-scale applications by simultaneously moving many droplets on large arrays. This paper introduces a broadly applicable approach to optimally control digital microfluidic systems, i.e., software algorithms that generate a sequence of control signals for moving one or many droplets from start to goal positions in the shortest number of steps, subject to constraints such as minimum required separation between droplets, obstacles on the array surface, and limitations in the control circuitry.
36 citations
27 Sep 2004
TL;DR: In this article, a high-level approach to optimally control digital microfluidic systems is presented, i.e., to generate a sequence of control signals for moving one or many droplets from start to goal positions in the shortest number of steps, subject to constraints such as minimum required separation between droplets, obstacles on the array surface, and limitations in the control circuitry.
Abstract: In digital microfluidic systems, analyte droplets (volume typically less than 1 /spl mu/l) are transported across a planar electrode array by dielectrophoretic or electrowetting effects. This paper outlines a high-level approach to optimally control digital microfluidic systems, i.e., to develop efficient algorithms that generate a sequence of control signals for moving one or many droplets from start to goal positions in the shortest number of steps, subject to constraints such as minimum required separation between droplets, obstacles on the array surface, and limitations in the control circuitry. However, optimality may be prohibitive for large-scale configurations because of the high asymptotic complexity. Alternative solutions include (1) an investigation of still useful but more limited system configurations; and (2) approximation algorithms that trade off optimality of the control sequences with higher efficiency of the algorithms that generate these control sequences.
35 citations
03 Jan 2010
TL;DR: This embedded tutorial paper provides an overview of droplet-based “digital” microfluidic biochips and describes emerging computer-aided design (CAD)tools for the automated synthesis and optimization of bioch chips from bioassay protocols.
Abstract: Microfluidics-based biochips are revolutionizing high-throughput sequencing, parallel immunoassays, clinical diagnostics, and drug discovery. These devices enable the precise control of nanoliter volumes of biochemical samples and reagents. Compared to conventional laboratory procedures, which are cumbersome and expensive, miniaturized biochips offer the advantages of higher sensitivity, lower cost due to smaller sample and reagent volumes, system integration, and less likelihood of human error. This embedded tutorial paper provides an overview of droplet-based “digital” microfluidic biochips. It describes emerging computer-aided design (CAD)tools for the automated synthesis and optimization of biochips from bioassay protocols. Recent advances in fluidic-operation scheduling, module placement, droplet routing, pin-constrained chip design, and testing are presented.
18 citations