Enhancing the hemispherical solar distiller performance using internal reflectors and El Oued sand grains as energy storage mediums.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented a comprehensive experimental study of the some effective modifications which aim to improve the cumulative productivity of solar distillers, in order to reach the best modification that achieves the highest cumulative productivity.
Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive experimental study of the some effective modifications which aim to improve the cumulative productivity of solar distillers, in order to reach the best modification that achieves the highest cumulative productivity of hemispherical distillates. The experimentations were carried on the hemispherical distillers which are characterized by a large area of receiving and condensation. To obtain the best modification that achieves the highest cumulative productivity, the present comprehensive studies were conducted on two experimental scenarios. In the first scenario, the influences of internal reflective (Reflective Mirrors and Reflective Aluminum Foil) on hemispherical distillers performance was studied. In the second scenario, the influences of internal reflective with El-Oued sand grains as the energy store mediums on hemispherical distiller performances was studied. To achieve this goal, we designed and fabricated three hemispherical distillers, the first distiller represents the reference case (Conventional Hemispherical Solar Still—CHSS), the second is the Hemispherical Solar Still with Internal Reflective Mirrors (HSS-IRM), and a third is the Hemispherical Solar Still with Internal Reflective Aluminum Foil (HSS-IRAF). In the second experimental scenario, the El-Oued sand grains were added to the basin of the second and third distillers as follows; where the second distiller became a Hemispherical Solar Still with Internal Reflective Mirrors and El-Oued sand grains (HSS-IRM & SG), and a third distiller became a Hemispherical Solar Still with Internal Reflective Aluminum Foil and El-Oued sand grains (HSS-IRAF & SG). The results presented that the cumulative production of reference distiller (CHSS) up to 4750 mL/m2, while use of internal reflective mirrors and El-Oued sand grains (HSS-IRM & SG) increases the production to 9400 mL/m2 day. The maximum improvement in cumulative distillate production, exergy efficiency, and thermal efficiency was recorded for utilization of internal reflective mirrors and El-Oued sand grains (HSS-IRM & SG) which reached 98, 200.9, and 96%, respectively, compared to reference case (CHSS). The economic feasibility indicated that the utilization of HSS-IRM & SG represent the good modification which reduced the cost of freshwater productivity by 49.1% compared to CHSS.
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TL;DR: In this paper , the performance of single-slope single-basin solar still for seawater desalination was examined under Upper Egyptian weather conditions of Qena City (latitude 26.16°, longitude 32.71°).
Abstract: The paucity of freshwater is very dangerous in the coming years. Many coastal countries suffer from a scarcity of freshwater. Solar desalination is the cheapest way to produce freshwater from any type of non-drinkable water (brackish water and seawater). In this work, single-slope single-basin solar still for seawater desalination was examined under Upper Egyptian weather conditions of Qena City (latitude 26.16°, longitude 32.71°). The main goal of the work is to compare the performance of conventional solar still, solar still supported with PCM, and solar still supported with local clay material to augment the solar still yield during both daytime and nighttime periods of operation. The results demonstrated that the total production of desalinated water from the simple conventional solar still, the solar still with PCM, and the solar still with local clay reached about 3885, 4704, and 5388.6 ml/m2, respectively. Moreover, compared to the conventional solar still, the yield was increased by about 21% when using the PCM, and about 38.7% when using the local clay material. Furthermore, it can be observed that the daytime productivity in the case of solar still supported with local clay was higher than that for the solar still supported with PCM, while the nighttime productivity was higher in the case of solar still supported with PCM compared with solar still supported with local clay. Moreover, the average daily efficiency of conventional solar still, solar still with PCM, and solar still with local clay reached about 34, 41.2, and 47%, respectively. Therefore, it is recommended to use the solar still with local clay for seawater desalination in such arid and hot climate of Qena City.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the amount of water generated by the hemispherical solar still (HSS) using paraffin wax as phase change material (PCM) encapsulated in waste aluminium cans in two different shape of square pattern (4 PCM cans) and triangular pattern (3PCM cans).
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors carried out an experimental study on two solar stills with a single slope, one was provided by a new absorber designed with multilayer composite materials and the other still was taken as a reference or control.
Abstract: The supply of drinking water has become a major challenge, despite large but relatively polluted quantities of groundwater, especially in southeastern Algeria. The use of solar energy for water desalination has become the subject of many local and global researchers. To solve this problem, we carried out an experimental study on two solar stills with a single slope. One was provided by a new absorber designed with multilayer composite materials and the other still was taken as a reference or control. The dimensions of the solar still was 0.5 × 0.5 m and the thickness of the layer of water used was 0.01 m. The results obtained show that the quantity of fresh water produced from the modified solar still was 4,312 l/m2 per day, while that of the reference solar still was 4,488 l/m2 per day, showing a difference in productivity of 3 %.
TL;DR: In this paper , the thermal behavior of a simple greenhouse solar still is coupled with a sensible heat storage tank to ensure the heating of the brine by energy stored and therefore to improve the performance of the solar still by the night production of distilled water.
Abstract: Solar stills represent one of the effective solutions in remote regions that suffer from the problem of lack of fresh water, but the disadvantage of their type of distillation technologies is the low productivity of pure water per square meter of evaporation surface. During the night, the brine cools down because of the absence of solar radiation, which causes a discontinuity in the operation of the solar still, which no longer produces freshwater. Therefore, the current work aims to achieve the highest performance of solar stills. To achieve these, in the present work, the thermal behavior of a simple greenhouse solar still is coupled to a sensible heat storage tank to ensure the heating of the brine by energy stored and therefore to improve the performance of the solar still by the night production of distilled water. The results obtained are encouraging because the improvement rate was 27.70 % compared to the daily light sentence and the thermal efficiency of our system during the night phase was stable between 60 and 61 %.
References
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01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present basic concepts and analysis of experimental data for basic electrical measurements and sensors, including Displacement and Area Measurements, Pressure Measurement, Flow Measurement and Temperature Measurement.
Abstract: 1 Introduction 2 Basic Concepts 3 Analysis of Experimental Data 4 Basic Electrical Measurements and Sensing Devices 5 Displacement and Area Measurements 6 Pressure Measurement 7 Flow Measurement 8 The Measurement of Temperature 9 Thermal and Transport-Property Measurements 10 Force, Torque, and Strain Measurements 11 Motion and Vibration Measurement 12 Thermal and Nuclear-Radiation Measurements 13 Air-Pollution Sampling and Measurement 14 Data Acquisition and Processing 15 Report Writing and Presentations 16 Design of Experiments Appendix A-Conversion Factors and Material Properties Appendix B-Digital Imaging Systems
2,943 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal conductivity of graphene oxide nanoparticle in PCM acts as the key role in improving the thermal performance of a tubular solar still, as compared to that of PCM without nanoparticle.
Abstract: Storing of energy in the form of latent or sensible heat is the best method in improving the performance of any thermal application. Desalination using renewable energy is the best method in getting potable water and due to its lower performance and yield it is not commercially available. The present investigation deals with improving potable water produced using nanomaterial in phase change material from a tubular solar still. Three different solar still namely TSS, TSS with PCM and TSS with NPCM were used in the present study and tested under the climatic conditions of Chennai, India. The thermal conductivity of graphene oxide nanoparticle in PCM acts as the key role in improving the thermal performance as the thermal conductivity of NPCM improved by 52% compared to that of PCM without nanoparticle. There is no significant improvement in the thermal conductivity of nano enhanced PCM with concentration beyond 0.3%. With a significant improvement in the thermal conductivity of NPCM, the water temperature increased by 7 °C and 3 °C as compared to TSS loaded with PCM and TSS without PCM respectively. The maximum enhancement in temperature of NPCM is found as 24% and the temperature is higher during off shine hours compared to that of PCM without nanoparticle. Similarly, with improved water temperature using NPCM as energy material, the evaporation rate from the absorber is improved by 41.3%, whereas, the average EHTC for TSS and TSS loaded with PCM alone is improved by 32.76 and 34.32% respectively. The total cumulative yield produced per m2 area from TSS, TSS with PCM, and TSS with NPCM is found to be 2.59, 3.35 and 5.62 kg respectively. Results also revealed that the daily efficiency of TSS with NPCM is improved to about 116.5% and comparatively higher than TSS with PCM and conventional tubular solar still.
170 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of a cylindrical parabolic concentrator with focal pipe coupled with a developed solar still with (oil heat exchanger, Phase Change Material (PCM)) have been experimentally investigated to improve the freshwater productivity.
166 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental study of inverted absorber solar still (IASS) and single slope solar still at different water depth and total dissolved solid (TDS) is presented.
156 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of a PV panel integrated solar still to generate power and to do desalination process to meet the water and power scarcity issues is investigated. But the system performance is experimentally investigated from different aspects such as still productivity, still efficiency, PV panel power production, PV panels efficiency, and exergy efficiency.
148 citations