Enhancing the Regeneration Process of Consumed NaBH4 for Hydrogen Storage
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for NaBH4 regeneration without hydrides used as starting materials for the reduction process was developed for the first time without using hydride starting materials.
Abstract: Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is regarded as an excellent hydrogen-generated material, but its irreversibility of hydrolysis and high cost of regeneration restrict its large-scale application. In this study a convenient and economical method for NaBH4 regeneration is developed for the first time without hydrides used as starting materials for the reduction process. The real hydrolysis by-products (NaBO2·2H2O and NaBO2·4H2O), instead of dehydrated sodium metaborate (NaBO2), are applied for the regeneration of NaBH4 with Mg at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the troublesome heat-wasting process to obtain NaBO2 using a drying procedure at over 350 °C from NaBO2·xH2O is omitted. Moreover, the highest regeneration yields of NaBH4 are achieved to date with 68.55% and 64.06% from reaction with NaBO2·2H2O and NaBO2·4H2O, respectively. The cost of NaBH4 regeneration shows a 34-fold reduction compared to the previous study that uses MgH2 as the reduction agent, where H2 is obtained from a separate process. Furthermore, the regeneration mechanism of NaBH4 is clarified and the intermediate compound, NaBH3(OH), is successfully observed for the first time during the regeneration process.
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: In this paper, the current uses of hydrogen energy, limitations in hydrogen use, future uses, future goals and future goals have been examined from articles in the literature, such as hydrogen sources, production, storage and transportation.
Abstract: Our need for energy is constantly increasing. We consume existing oil, coal and natural gas resources in order to obtain energy. As fossil fuels are exhausted, their prices have increased and new energy sources have been sought. It is possible to meet the daily energy demand with renewable energy sources. The utilization rates of renewable energy resources are gradually increasing. The use of fossil fuels is reduced in order to reduce carbon emissions in accordance with international agreements. Therefore, the use of clean energy resources is encouraged. In this article, hydrogen energy, which is a clean energy source, has been examined. Subjects such as hydrogen sources, production, storage and transportation have been investigated from articles in the literature. The current uses of hydrogen energy, limitations in hydrogen use, future uses, future goals have been examined. In this article, studies on hydrogen energy have been gathered together and it is aimed to create a source for future articles.
253 citations
TL;DR: A facile method to regenerate NaBH4 with high yield and low costs, which avoids expensive reducing agent such as MgH2, bypasses the energy-intensive dehydration procedure to remove water from Na2B4O7·10H2O, and does not require high-pressure H2 gas, therefore leading to much reduced costs.
Abstract: Sodium borohydride (NaBH4 ) is among the most studied hydrogen storage materials because it is able to deliver high-purity H2 at room temperature with controllable kinetics via hydrolysis; however, its regeneration from the hydrolytic product has been challenging. Now, a facile method is reported to regenerate NaBH4 with high yield and low costs. The hydrolytic product NaBO2 in aqueous solution reacts with CO2 , forming Na2 B4 O7 ⋅10 H2 O and Na2 CO3 , both of which are ball-milled with Mg under ambient conditions to form NaBH4 in high yield (close to 80 %). Compared with previous studies, this approach avoids expensive reducing agents such as MgH2 , bypasses the energy-intensive dehydration procedure to remove water from Na2 B4 O7 ⋅10 H2 O, and does not require high-pressure H2 gas, therefore leading to much reduced costs. This method is expected to effectively close the loop of NaBH4 regeneration and hydrolysis, enabling a wide deployment of NaBH4 for hydrogen storage.
214 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the publications that focus on the hydrolysis or hydrolytic dehydrogenation of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is provided in this paper.
191 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, advanced synthetic approaches and some effective strategies including alloying, nanostructuring, doping by catalytic additives and forming nanocomposites with other hydrides are summarized, and then the prospects for further promoting the properties of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials are also briefly discussed.
179 citations
TL;DR: An overview of the main hydrogen production and storage technologies, along with their challenges is presented in this paper, which helps to identify technologies that have sufficient potential for large-scale energy applications that rely on hydrogen.
170 citations
References
More filters
TL;DR: It is shown that an abundant material, polymeric carbon nitride, can produce hydrogen from water under visible-light irradiation in the presence of a sacrificial donor.
Abstract: The production of hydrogen from water using a catalyst and solar energy is an ideal future energy source, independent of fossil reserves. For an economical use of water and solar energy, catalysts that are sufficiently efficient, stable, inexpensive and capable of harvesting light are required. Here, we show that an abundant material, polymeric carbon nitride, can produce hydrogen from water under visible-light irradiation in the presence of a sacrificial donor. Contrary to other conducting polymer semiconductors, carbon nitride is chemically and thermally stable and does not rely on complicated device manufacturing. The results represent an important first step towards photosynthesis in general where artificial conjugated polymer semiconductors can be used as energy transducers.
9,751 citations
TL;DR: This critical review of the current status of hydrogen storage within microporous metal-organic frameworks provides an overview of the relationships between structural features and the enthalpy of hydrogen adsorption, spectroscopic methods for probing framework-H(2) interactions, and strategies for improving storage capacity.
Abstract: New materials capable of storing hydrogen at high gravimetric and volumetric densities are required if hydrogen is to be widely employed as a clean alternative to hydrocarbon fuels in cars and other mobile applications. With exceptionally high surface areas and chemically-tunable structures, microporous metal–organic frameworks have recently emerged as some of the most promising candidate materials. In this critical review we provide an overview of the current status of hydrogen storage within such compounds. Particular emphasis is given to the relationships between structural features and the enthalpy of hydrogen adsorption, spectroscopic methods for probing framework–H2 interactions, and strategies for improving storage capacity (188 references).
4,511 citations
TL;DR: A review of metal hydrides on properties including hydrogen-storage capacity, kinetics, cyclic behavior, toxicity, pressure and thermal response is presented in this article, where a group of Mg-based hydride stand as promising candidate for competitive hydrogen storage with reversible hydrogen capacity up to 7.6 W% for on-board applications.
2,890 citations
TL;DR: A review of technologies related to hydrogen production from both fossil and renewable biomass resources including reforming (steam, partial oxidation, autothermal, plasma, and aqueous phase) and pyrolysis is presented in this article.
2,673 citations
[...]
TL;DR: The fuel cell is to become the modern steam engine, and basic research must provide breakthroughs in understanding, materials, and design to make a hydrogen-based energy system a vibrant and competitive force as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: If the fuel cell is to become the modern steam engine, basic research must provide breakthroughs in understanding, materials, and design to make a hydrogen-based energy system a vibrant and competitive force
1,329 citations