Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nano-particles
01 Jan 1995-Vol. 231, pp 99-105
About: The article was published on 1995-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 7263 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Thermal conductivity & Nanoparticle.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a flat heat pipe with carbon nanotube nanofluid was used for cooling a heater working at high heat flux conditions up to 190 kW/m2.
Abstract: Experimental investigation on the thermal performance of a flat heat pipe working with carbon nanotube nanofluid is conducted. It is used for cooling a heater working at high heat flux conditions up to 190 kW/m2. The heat pipe is fabricated from aluminium and is equipped with rectangular fin for efficient cooling of condenser section. Inside the heat pipe, a screen mesh was inserted as a wick structure to facilitate the capillary action of working fluid. Influence of different operating parameters such as heat flux, mass concentration of carbon nanotubes and filling ratio of working fluid on thermal performance of heat pipe and its thermal resistance are investigated. Results showed that with an increase in heat flux, the heat transfer coefficient in evaporator section of the heat pipe increases. For filling ratio, however, there is an optimum value, which was 0.8 for the test heat pipe. In addition, CNT/water enhanced the heat transfer coefficient up to 40% over the deionized water. Carbon nanotubes intensified the thermal performance of wick structure by creating a fouling layer on screen mesh structure, which changes the contact angle of liquid with the surface, intensifying the capillary forces.
94 citations
TL;DR: It is evident that nanofluid utilization in small fraction enhanced the thermal conductivity compared to base fluid alone, and other competitors such as carbon nanostructures need to be investigated as it provides higher enhancement of thermal Conductivity.
93 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of Brownian motion and thermophoresis phenomenon and Lewis number on MHD nanofluid flow along with the heat transfer between two parallel plates was examined.
93 citations
TL;DR: The internal average energy loss caused by entropy generation for steady mixed convective Poiseuille flow of a nanofluid, suspended with titanium dioxide particles in water, and passed through a wavy channel, was investigated.
Abstract: The internal average energy loss caused by entropy generation for steady mixed convective Poiseuille flow of a nanofluid, suspended with titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles in water, and passed through a wavy channel, was investigated. The models of thermal conductivity and viscosity of titanium dioxide of 21 nm size particles with a volume concentration of temperature ranging from 15 °C to 35 °C were utilized. The characteristics of the working fluid were dependent on electro-magnetohydrodynamics (EMHD) and thermal radiation. The governing equations were first modified by taking long wavelength approximations, which were then solved by a homotopy technique, whereas for numerical computation, the software package BVPh 2.0 was utilized. The results for the leading parameters, such as the electric field, the volume fraction of nanoparticles and radiation parameters for three different temperatures scenarios were examined graphically. The minimum energy loss at the center of the wavy channel due to the increase in the electric field parameter was noted. However, a rise in entropy was observed due to the change in the pressure gradient from low to high.
93 citations
Cites background from "Enhancing thermal conductivity of f..."
...Nanofluid is a new idea of nanotechnology, which is used to enhance the property of the thermal conductivity in fluids [3]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a flat-plate solar collector is installed, and its thermal performance is evaluated by using carbon and metal oxides based nanofluids, following the ASHRAE standard 93-2003, at different heat flux intensities (597, 775, and 988 W/m2), mass flow rates (0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 ǫ) and the weight concentrations ( 0.025-0.2%).
93 citations