Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nano-particles
01 Jan 1995-Vol. 231, pp 99-105
About: The article was published on 1995-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 7263 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Thermal conductivity & Nanoparticle.
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TL;DR: In this article, the effect of local thermal non-equilibrium on linear and non-linear thermal instability in a horizontal porous medium saturated by a nanofluid has been investigated analytically.
Abstract: The effect of local thermal non-equilibrium on linear and non-linear thermal instability in a horizontal porous medium saturated by a nanofluid has been investigated analytically. The Brinkman Model has been used for porous medium, while nanofluid incorporates the effect of Brownian motion along with thermophoresis. A three-temperature model has been used for the effect of local thermal non-equilibrium among the particle, fluid, and solid-matrix phases. The linear stability is based on normal mode technique, while for nonlinear analysis, a minimal representation of the truncated Fourier series analysis involving only two terms has been used. The critical conditions for the onset of convection and the heat and mass transfer across the porous layer have been obtained numerically.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, natural convection of Cu-water nanofluid in a differentially heated non-Darcy porous cavity was numerically investigated by using the characteristic-based split algorithm in finite element method.
Abstract: Natural convection of Cu–water nanofluid in a differentially heated non-Darcy porous cavity was numerically investigated by using the characteristic-based split algorithm in finite element method. Effects of the various thermophysical parameters and the solid volume fraction of nanoparticle on heat transfer and fluid flow in different flow regimes were demonstrated. Although the addition of nanoparticles in the porous medium generally resulted in the higher average Nusselt number in most flow regimes, the average Nusselt number appears to decrease or stay nearly the same with increased solid volume fraction in Darcy flow regime at a high Rayleigh number and low Darcy number.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the mixing effect of the base fluid in the immediate vicinity of the nanoparticles caused by the Brownian motion was analyzed, modeled and compared with existing experimental data available in the literature.
76 citations
Cites background from "Enhancing thermal conductivity of f..."
...Nanoparticle suspensions (nanofluids) produced by dispersing nanoparticles into normal heat transfer base fluids, such as water or ethylene glycol may present a potential solution to some of these applications [4]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the effects of ribs turbulators on the fluid flow and heat transfer performance of a straight microchannel were investigated, and the results showed that the Nusselt number and friction coefficient of nanofluids in the ribbed microchannel are higher than those of simple microchannel, and this enhancement increased with increasing the width of the ribs.
76 citations
TL;DR: This article investigates the magnetohydrodynamic three-dimensional flow of couple stress nanofluid subject to the convective boundary condition and sketches the effects of different interesting flow parameters on the temperature and nanoparticles concentration distributions.
Abstract: This article investigates the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) three-dimensional flow of couple stress nanofluid subject to the convective boundary condition. Flow is generated due to a nonlinear stretching of the surface in two lateral directions. Temperature and nanoparticles concentration distributions are studied through the Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects. Couple stress fluid is considered electrically conducting through a non-uniform applied magnetic field. Mathematical formulation is developed via boundary layer approach. Nonlinear ordinary differential systems are constructed by employing suitable transformations. The resulting systems have been solved for the convergent series solutions of velocities, temperature and nanoparticles concentration profiles. Graphs are sketched to see the effects of different interesting flow parameters on the temperature and nanoparticles concentration distributions. Numerical values are computed to analyze the values of skin-friction coefficients and Nusselt number.
76 citations
Cites background from "Enhancing thermal conductivity of f..."
...The term nanofluid was first introduced by Choi and Eastman [9] and they illustrated that the thermal properties of base liquids are enhanced when we add up the nanoparticles in it....
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