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Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nano-particles

01 Jan 1995-Vol. 231, pp 99-105
About: The article was published on 1995-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 7263 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Thermal conductivity & Nanoparticle.
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ding et al. as discussed by the authors used a transient hot-wire apparatus with an integrated correlation model to measure the thermal conductivities of these nanofluids more conveniently, and they also characterized the pH value and viscosity of the nanoparticles.

1,250 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the boundary layer flow induced in a nanofluid due to a linearly stretching sheet is studied numerically and the transport equations include the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis.

1,086 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effects of nanofluids on the performance of solar collectors and solar water heaters from the efficiency, economic and environmental considerations viewpoints, and made some suggestions to use the nanoparticles in different solar thermal systems such as photovoltaic/thermal systems, solar ponds, solar thermoelectric cells, and so on.

1,069 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an exhaustive review of the literature in this area and suggest a direction for future developments, including heat transfer, material science, physics, chemical engineering and synthetic chemistry.
Abstract: Suspended nanoparticles in conventional fluids, called nanofluids, have been the subject of intensive study worldwide since pioneering researchers recently discovered the anomalous thermal behavior of these fluids. The enhanced thermal conductivity of these fluids with small-particle concentration was surprising and could not be explained by existing theories. Micrometer-sized particle-fluid suspensions exhibit no such dramatic enhancement. This difference has led to studies of other modes of heat transfer and efforts to develop a comprehensive theory. This article presents an exhaustive review of these studies and suggests a direction for future developments. The review and suggestions could be useful because the literature in this area is spread over a wide range of disciplines, including heat transfer, material science, physics, chemical engineering and synthetic chemistry.

1,069 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a detailed literature review and an assessment of results of the research and development work forming the current status of nanofluid technology for heat transfer applications.
Abstract: This study provides a detailed literature review and an assessment of results of the research and development work forming the current status of nanofluid technology for heat transfer applications. Nanofluid technology is a relatively new field, and as such, the supporting studies are not extensive. Specifically, experimental results were reviewed in this study regarding the enhancement of the thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer of nanofluids relative to conventional heat transfer fluids, and assessments were made as to the state-of-the-art of verified parametric trends and magnitudes. Pertinent parameters of particle volume concentration, particle material, particle size, particle shape, base fluid material, temperature, additive, and acidity were considered individually, and experimental results from multiple research groups were used together when assessing results. To this end, published research results from many studies were recast using a common parameter to facilitate comparisons of data among research groups and to identify thermal property and heat transfer trends. The current state of knowledge is presented as well as areas where the data are presently inconclusive or conflicting. Heat transfer enhancement for available nanofluids is shown to be in the 15-40% range, with a few situations resulting in orders of magnitude enhancement.

1,023 citations