Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nano-particles
01 Jan 1995-Vol. 231, pp 99-105
About: The article was published on 1995-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 7263 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Thermal conductivity & Nanoparticle.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on numerical modeling of steady laminar mixed convection flow in single and double-lid square cavities filled with a water-Al2O3 nanofluid.
Abstract: This work is focused on the numerical modeling of steady laminar mixed convection flow in single and double-lid square cavities filled with a water–Al2O3 nanofluid. Two viscosity models are used to approximate nanofluid viscosity, namely, the Brinkman model and the Pak and Cho correlation. The developed equations are given in terms of the stream function–vorticity formulation and are non-dimensionalized and then solved numerically by a second-order accurate finite-volume method. Comparisons with previously published work are performed and found to be in good agreement. A parametric study is conducted and a selective set of graphical results is presented and discussed to illustrate the effects of the presence of nanoparticles and the Richardson number on the flow and heat transfer characteristics in both cavity configurations and to compare the predictions obtained by the two different nanofluid models. It is found that significant heat transfer enhancement can be obtained due to the presence of nanoparticles and that this is accentuated by increasing the nanoparticle volume fractions at moderate and large Richardson numbers using both nanofluid models for both single- and double-lid cavity configurations. However, for small Richardson number, the Pak and Cho model predicts that the presence of nanoparticle causes reductions in the average Nusselt number in the single-lid cavity configuration.
179 citations
Cites background from "Enhancing thermal conductivity of f..."
...A nanofluid is a base liquid with suspended metallic or nonmetallic nanoparticles [1]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of convective heat transfer of nanofluid utilizing Buongiorno's model in a wavy channel were analyzed and the simultaneous effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis were discussed.
179 citations
Cites background from "Enhancing thermal conductivity of f..."
...It is found that the heat exchange can be upgraded by presenting nanoparticles with high thermal properties in low volume fraction within the liquid that leads to new-fangled category of fluids named as nanofluids [1]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the nanofluid was used as a working medium for a 1-mm wick-thickness sintered circular heat pipe and the experiment was performed to measure the temperature distribution and compare the heat pipe temperature difference using nanoffluid and DI-water.
178 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an attempt has been made to review the available empirical and theoretical correlations for the estimation of viscosity of nanofluids, which is a mixture of nanosized particles dispersed in fluids.
Abstract: In the past decade nanotechnology has developed in many directions. Nanofluid is a mixture of nanosized particles dispersed in fluids. Nanofluids are new generation heat transfer fluids used in heat exchangers for energy conservation. Viscosity is an important property particularly concerning fluids flowing in a tube in heat exchangers. In this regard, an attempt has been made to review the available empirical and theoretical correlations for the estimation of viscosity of nanofluids. The review also extended to preparation of nanofluids, nanoparticle volume concentration, nanofluid temperature, particle size and type of base fluid on viscosity of nanofluids. The available experimental results clearly indicate that with the dispersion of nanoparticles in the base fluid viscosity increases and it further increases with the increase in particle volume concentration. Viscosity of nanofluid decreases with increase of temperature.
178 citations