Entrepreneurship Through Start-ups in Hill Areas Using Photovoltaic Systems
01 Jun 2017-Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (Universitas Ahmad Dahlan)-Vol. 6, Iss: 2, pp 105-121
TL;DR: The effort is made to use MPPT system designed by intelligent controller for implementation in PV based utility systems and the model designed is intended to be a beneficial source for PV engineers and researchers to provide high efficiency with the use of MPPT.
Abstract: There is large potential for generating solar power in Uttarakhand (India) endowed with natural resources. The extensive use of solar energy through solar PV panels in Distributed and Renewable Electricity Generation is significant to utilize multi climatic zones of hilly areas. In this regard, UREDA (Uttarakhand Renewable Energy Development Agency) targets to achieve a huge boost of solar PV battery backup with approved subsidy budget of INR 6 billion to 50 billion by 2019/20 under JNNSM (Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission). This investment will increase productivity, enhance employment opportunities and improve quality of education. However, maximization of power output from panels used for same is achieved through use of MPPT (Maximum Power Point Trackers). The commercially installed solar power systems can be made to accomplish higher efficiency by implementing MPPT systems in start ups. In this paper, the effort is made to use MPPT system designed by intelligent controller for implementation in PV based utility systems. The regulated voltage output from MPPT system is obtained irrespective of fluctuations in environment. These variations are tested for changing temperature and irradiance due to shading or partial unavailability of sun. The results of same have been optimized through MATLAB/SIMULINK. The model designed is intended to be a beneficial source for PV engineers and researchers to provide high efficiency with the use of MPPT.
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TL;DR: The need to forecasting the price of crude palm oil heads in order to improve the application of business intelligence using the evolution-based artificial neural network (ANN) method which in this paper is tested with SECoS get a MAPE value of 0.035% and by applying business intelligence can protect transaction costs by 33.3%.
Abstract: Crude palm oil is a crop that has a harvest period of ± 2 weeks and is in dire need of dissemination of information using e-commerce in order to be able to predict the price of the yield of companies or individual gardens within the next 2 weeks in order to improve studies on business intelligence. The disadvantage of not implementing e-commerce is certainly detrimental to the garden owner because they have to go through an agent so prices are set based on the agent. So with the application of e-commerce, buyers of crude palm oil can predict prices in conducting business processes to the future. So the need to forecasting the price of crude palm oil heads in order to improve the application of business intelligence using the evolution-based artificial neural network (ANN) method which in this paper is tested with SECoS get a MAPE value of 0.035% and by applying business intelligence can protect transaction costs by 33.3%.
20 citations
Cites background from "Entrepreneurship Through Start-ups ..."
...So by implementing e-commerce in the business process of buying and selling palm oil will change all marketing activities and also at the same time cut operational costs for trading activities and at the same time will create business to business (B2B) [13, 14]....
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...So by implementing e-commerce in the business process of buying and selling palm oil will change all marketing activities and also at the same time cut operational costs for trading activities and at the same time will create business to business (B2B) [13, 14]....
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...In summary, this paper implements e-commerce by maximizing the B2B process and developing a Business Intelligence Model that is specific to the application-based business revenue of crude palm oil plantations which is able to increase the income of oil palm plantations by 33.3% per harvest and is able to cut operational costs for oil palm trading activities....
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...The application of BI will change all marketing activities and at the same time cut operational costs for trading activities and at the same time be able to create application-based business to business (B2B)....
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...In government, the B2B process that is most often found is tender tendering, which is using the LPSE application [15]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the performance results of the first renewable microgrid of Choco, Colombia, monitored over two years (2016-2017) adding an economic approach was described. But the results showed a net present value of $237,028 USD for an evaluation period of 25 years with annual energy savings of $4,622 USD.
Abstract: This article describes the performance results of the first renewable microgrid of Choco, Colombia, monitored over two years (2016-2017) adding an economic approach. A virtual platform is used to analyze, in real time, the microgrid power production, while a meteorological station measures the solar irradiance and the ambient temperature. The results indicated that the generation of AC PV energy was 21,817 kWh/year on 2016 and 23,301 kWh/year on 2017. The photovoltaic system’s average efficiency was 10.3 % on 2016 and 11.09 % on 2017. An economical analysis of the renewable microgrid is also presented using RETScreenTM software. The results show a net present value of $237,028 USD for an evaluation period of 25 years with annual energy savings of $4,622 USD. A calculation on greenhouse gas emissions show that 22.9 tCO2 per year are avoided when using the solar energy tech.
11 citations
Cites background from "Entrepreneurship Through Start-ups ..."
...Many studies have been devoted to research the performance and modeling of renewable systems [6-17], but there is a problem: there isn ́t enough performance information for microgrids operating in tropical countries, where there are high potential of solar irradiance and wind velocity....
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TL;DR: A mathematical model implemented in Matlab/Simulink to evaluate the performance of building integrated photovoltaic systems (BIPVS) indicates that there is a correlation greater than 0.9 between DC and AC power generated by the BIPV system and calculated by the model proposed for any weather condition.
Abstract: This article describes a mathematical model implemented in Matlab/Simulink to evaluate the performance of building integrated photovoltaic systems (BIPVS). The proposed methodology allows to model independently the solar panel, the photovoltaic (pv) generator, inverter and the grid to integrate them into a single model in Simulink in order to evaluate the performance of the complete system. The validation of the model was made on a BIPV system of 6 kWp installed in a building at the Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano in Bogota, Colombia. The results indicate that there is a correlation greater than 0.9 between DC and AC power generated by the BIPV system and calculated by the model proposed for any weather condition.
5 citations
Cites background from "Entrepreneurship Through Start-ups ..."
...Many studies have been devoted to develop different non-linear electric models used to describe the characteristics of the PV modules and the effect on module performance of temperature, radiation intensity and other parameters and equipment/systems under non-standard conditions [12-20]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of supplying photovoltaic solar energy for the electrical requirements of drinking water and wastewater treatment plants, in six regions of Colombia, with different geographic and climatological conditions: Andean Region, Amazon Region, Orinoquia Region, Caribbean Region, Pacific Region, and Insular Region.
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to determine the feasibility of supplying photovoltaic solar energy for the electrical requirements of drinking water and wastewater treatment plants, in six regions of Colombia, with different geographic and climatological conditions: Andean Region, Amazon Region, Orinoquia Region, Caribbean Region, Pacific Region, and Insular Region. The study revealed that the costs of the photovoltaic systems oscillate between USD 32,486.86 and USD 40,716.86, without using a storage system with batteries, since the price of these makes the investment recovery unfeasible. Instead of using batteries to store energy, a water storage system is used. The total daily load of the sanitation systems is 57 kWh/day, which would avoid 7120.44 kgCO2 per year. Besides, during the entire useful life of the 20-year project, 142.4 tCO2 would not be released into the environment.
4 citations
Cites background from "Entrepreneurship Through Start-ups ..."
...Many studies have been devoted to investigating the performance and modeling of solar energy systems [21-27]....
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TL;DR: In this paper , a review article concisely discusses recent innovations in solar energy education, research, and development toward providing clean and affordable energy and clean water to some extent, mainly addressing the Sustainable Development Goal 7 of the United Nations (SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy).
Abstract: The essential requirements of our everyday lives are fresh air, pure water, nourishing food, and clean energy in a most sustainable manner. The present review article concisely discusses recent innovations in solar energy education, research, and development toward providing clean and affordable energy and clean water to some extent. This article primarily addresses the Sustainable Development Goal 7 of the United Nations (SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy). Over the past few decades, many research activities have been carried out on solar energy conversion and utilization. The deployment of solar energy technologies has been witnessed to combat global warming and the betterment of the planet. Drivers and barriers to implementing solar energy systems from school to master's level through real-time deployments are discussed for further development and innovations. Mainly, expedited solar energy education and research are essential to improve solar energy utilization. The advancements in solar energy education and research towards sustainable energy development and circular economy are highlighted along with further directions required.
4 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive review of the MPPT techniques applied to photovoltaic (PV) power system available until January, 2012 is provided, which is intended to serve as a convenient reference for future MPPT users in PV systems. But, confusion lies while selecting a MPPT as every technique has its own merits and demerits.
Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive review of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques applied to photovoltaic (PV) power system available until January, 2012. A good number of publications report on different MPPT techniques for a PV system together with implementation. But, confusion lies while selecting a MPPT as every technique has its own merits and demerits. Hence, a proper review of these techniques is essential. Unfortunately, very few attempts have been made in this regard, excepting two latest reviews on MPPT [Salas, 2006], [Esram and Chapman, 2007]. Since, MPPT is an essential part of a PV system, extensive research has been revealed in recent years in this field and many new techniques have been reported to the list since then. In this paper, a detailed description and then classification of the MPPT techniques have made based on features, such as number of control variables involved, types of control strategies employed, types of circuitry used suitably for PV system and practical/commercial applications. This paper is intended to serve as a convenient reference for future MPPT users in PV systems.
1,584 citations
"Entrepreneurship Through Start-ups ..." refers methods in this paper
...Using MPPT, the distributed energy across panel due to varying environment is efficiently captured and utilized [8]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide a review of solar collectors and thermal energy storage systems, including both non-concentrating collectors and concentrating collectors, in terms of optical optimisation, heat loss reduction, heat recuperation enhancement and different sun-tracking mechanisms.
1,370 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on the assessment of resource potential with variability in India derived from high resolution satellite derived insolation data and found that nearly 58% of the geographical area potentially represent the solar hotspots in the country with more than 5 kWh/m(2)/day of annual average Global insolation.
Abstract: Solar hotspots are the regions characterized by an exceptional solar power potential suitable for decentralized commercial exploitation of energy. Identification of solar hotspots in a vast geographical expanse with dense habitations helps to meet escalating power demand in a decentralized, efficient and sustainable manner. This communication focuses on the assessment of resource potential with variability in India derived from high resolution satellite derived insolation data. Data analysis reveals that nearly 58% of the geographical area potentially represent the solar hotspots in the country with more than 5 kWh/m(2)/day of annual average Global insolation. A techno-economic analysis of the solar power technologies and a prospective minimal utilization of the land available within these solar hotspots demonstrate their immense power generation as well as emission reduction potential. The study evaluates the progress made in solar power generation in the country especially with the inception of an ambitious National Solar Mission (NSM) also termed as `Solar India'. The organizational aspects of solar power generation with focus on existing policy elements are also addressed so as to probe the actual potential of the identified solar hotspots in meeting the NSM targets and beyond. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
241 citations
"Entrepreneurship Through Start-ups ..." refers background in this paper
...The unutilized hill tops/building rooftops and wastelands around buildings are being made to replace diesel generator sets used in load shedding by operating solar panel MPPT systems [7]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed and analyzed PV literature pertaining to decentralized rural electrification into two main categories: (1) experiences from rural electricity and technology demonstration programs covering barriers and challenges in marketing and dissemination; institutional and financing approaches; and productive and economic applications, (2) technoeconomic aspects including system design methodologies and approaches; performance evaluation and monitoring; technoeconomic comparison of various systems; and environmental implications and life cycle analysis.
Abstract: The challenges of providing electricity to rural households are manifold. Ever increasing demand–supply gap, crumbling electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure, high cost of delivered electricity are a few of these. Use of renewable energy technologies for meeting basic energy needs of rural communities has been promoted by the Governments world over for many decades. Photovoltaic (PV) technology is one of the first among several renewable energy technologies that was adopted globally as well as in India for meeting basic electricity needs of rural areas that are not connected to the grid. This paper attempts at reviewing and analyzing PV literature pertaining to decentralized rural electrification into two main categories—(1) experiences from rural electrification and technology demonstration programmes covering barriers and challenges in marketing and dissemination; institutional and financing approaches; and productive and economic applications, (2) techno-economic aspects including system design methodologies and approaches; performance evaluation and monitoring; techno-economic comparison of various systems; and environmental implications and life cycle analysis. The paper discusses the emerging trends in its concluding remarks.
235 citations
"Entrepreneurship Through Start-ups ..." refers methods in this paper
...The developed MPPT system when used in project may reduce cost and resources consumption with various applications [15-28]....
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01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discussed the application of geographical information system (GIS) to map the solar potential in Karnataka state, India and identified that coastal parts of Karnataka with the higher global solar radiation is ideally suited for harvesting solar energy.
Abstract: Renewable energy resources are those having a cycling time less than 100 years and are renewed by the nature and their supply exceeds the rate of consumption. Renewable energy systems use resources that are constantly replaced in nature and are usually less polluting. In order to tap the potential of renewable energy sources, there is a need to assess the availability of resources spatially as well as temporally. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) along with Remote Sensing (RS) helps in mapping on spatial and temporal scales of the resources and demand. The spatial database of resource availability and the demand would help in the regional energy planning. This paper discusses the application of geographical information system (GIS) to map the solar potential in Karnataka state, India. Regions suitable for tapping solar energy are mapped on the basis of global solar radiation data, and this analysis provides a picture of the potential. The study identifies that Coastal parts of Karnataka with the higher global solar radiation is ideally suited for harvesting solar energy. The potential analysis reveals that, maximum global solar radiation is in districts such as Uttara Kannada and Dakshina Kannada. Global solar radiation in Uttara Kannada during summer, monsoon and winter are 6.31, 4.40 and 5.48 kWh/sq.m, respectively. Similarly, Dakshina Kannada has 6.16, 3.89 and 5.21 kWh/sq.m during summer, monsoon and winter.
52 citations
"Entrepreneurship Through Start-ups ..." refers methods in this paper
...The developed MPPT system when used in project may reduce cost and resources consumption with various applications [15-28]....
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