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Journal ArticleDOI

Entropy and dynamics of water in hydration layers of a bilayer.

07 Nov 2010-Journal of Chemical Physics (American Institute of Physics)-Vol. 133, Iss: 17, pp 174704-174704
TL;DR: The translational diffusion of water in the vicinity of the head groups is found to be in a subdiffusive regime and the rotational diffusion constant increases going away from the interface, supported by the slower reorientational relaxation of the dipole vector and OH bond vector of interfacial water.
Abstract: We compute the entropy and transport properties of water in the hydration layer of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer by using a recently developed theoretical scheme [two-phase thermodynamic model, termed as 2PT method; S.-T. Lin et al., J. Chem. Phys. 119, 11792 (2003)] based on the translational and rotational velocity autocorrelation functions and their power spectra. The weights of translational and rotational power spectra shift from higher to lower frequency as one goes from the bilayer interface to the bulk. Water molecules near the bilayer head groups have substantially lower entropy (48.36 J/mol/K) than water molecules in the intermediate region (51.36 J/mol/K), which have again lower entropy than the molecules (60.52 J/mol/K) in bulk. Thus, the entropic contribution to the free energy change (TΔS) of transferring an interface water molecule to the bulk is 3.65 kJ/mol and of transferring intermediate water to the bulk is 2.75 kJ/mol at 300 K, which is to be compared with 6.03 kJ/mol for melting of ice at 273 K. The translational diffusion of water in the vicinity of the head groups is found to be in a subdiffusive regime and the rotational diffusion constant increases going away from the interface. This behavior is supported by the slower reorientational relaxation of the dipole vector and OH bond vector of interfacial water. The ratio of reorientational relaxation time for Legendre polynomials of order 1 and 2 is approximately 2 for interface, intermediate, and bulk water, indicating the presence of jump dynamics in these water molecules.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the two phase thermodynamics method to compute translational and rotational entropies of confined water molecules inside single-walled carbon nanotubes and showed that the increase in energy of a water molecule inside the nanotube is compensated by the gain in its rotational entropy.
Abstract: Experiments and computer simulations demonstrate that water spontaneously fills the hydrophobic cavity of a carbon nanotube. To gain a quantitative thermodynamic understanding of this phenomenon, we use the recently developed two phase thermodynamics method to compute translational and rotational entropies of confined water molecules inside single-walled carbon nanotubes and show that the increase in energy of a water molecule inside the nanotube is compensated by the gain in its rotational entropy. The confined water is in equilibrium with the bulk water and the Helmholtz free energy per water molecule of confined water is the same as that in the bulk within the accuracy of the simulation results. A comparison of translational and rotational spectra of water molecules confined in carbon nanotubes with that of bulk water shows significant shifts in the positions of the spectral peaks that are directly related to the tube radius.

85 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Based on the entropy calculations for water trapped between graphene sheets and oxidized graphene sheets at different inter-sheet spacings, the thermodynamics of filling is shown and the increased electrostatic interaction between water with the oxidized part of the sheet helps the sheet open up and pushes water inside.
Abstract: Layers of graphene oxide (GO) are found to be good for the permeation of water but not for helium (Science, 2012, 335(6067), 442–444) suggesting that the GO layers are dynamic in the formation of a permeation route depending on the environment they are in (i.e., water or helium). To probe the microscopic origin of this observation we calculate the potential of mean force (PMF) of GO sheets (with oxidized and reduced parts), with the inter-planar distance as a reaction coordinate in helium and water. Our PMF calculation shows that the equilibrium interlayer distance between the oxidized part of the GO sheets in helium is at 4.8 A leaving no space for helium permeation. In contrast, the PMF of the oxidized part of the GO in water shows two minima, one at 4.8 A and another at 6.8 A, corresponding to no water and a water filled region, thus giving rise to a permeation path. The increased electrostatic interaction between water with the oxidized part of the sheet helps the sheet open up and pushes water inside. Based on the entropy calculations for water trapped between graphene sheets and oxidized graphene sheets at different inter-sheet spacings, we also show the thermodynamics of filling.

61 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A detailed study of the properties and dynamics of a single water molecule in a buckyball using DFT and MD simulations is performed to report on the enhancement of rotational diffusion and entropy of a water molecules in C60, compared to a bulk water molecule.
Abstract: Encapsulation of a single water molecule in a buckyball (C60) can provide fundamental insights into the properties of water. Investigation of a single water molecule is feasible through its solitary confinement in C60. In this paper, we performed a detailed study of the properties and dynamics of a single water molecule in a buckyball using DFT and MD simulations. We report on the enhancement of rotational diffusion and entropy of a water molecule in C60, compared to a bulk water molecule. H2O@C60 has zero translational diffusion and terahertz revolution frequency. The harmonic, high amplitude rotation of a single water molecule in C60 is compared to stochastic behavior of bulk water molecules. The combination of large rotational and negligible translational motion of water in C60 creates new opportunities in nanotechnology applications.

55 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Water dynamics in the hydration shell of the peripheral membrane protein annexin B12 were studied and it is shown that retardation of water motions near phospholipid bilayers is extended by the presence of a membrane-bound protein, up to around 10 Å above that protein.
Abstract: Water dynamics in the hydration shell of the peripheral membrane protein annexin B12 were studied using MD simulations and Overhauser DNP-enhanced NMR. We show that retardation of water motions near phospholipid bilayers is extended by the presence of a membrane-bound protein, up to around 10 A above that protein. Near the membrane surface, electrostatic interactions with the lipid head groups strongly slow down water dynamics, whereas protein-induced water retardation is weaker and dominates only at distances beyond 10 A from the membrane surface. The results can be understood from a simple model based on additive contributions from the membrane and the protein to the activation free energy barriers of water diffusion next to the biomolecular surfaces. Furthermore, analysis of the intermolecular vibrations of the water network reveals that retarded water motions near the membrane shift the vibrational modes to higher frequencies, which we used to identify an entropy gradient from the membrane surface tow...

53 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the existence of multiple phases of water when water meets a nanotube surface under atmospheric conditions (T = 300 K, P = 1 atm) was shown.
Abstract: Water, because of its anomalous properties, can exhibit complex behavior under strong confinement. At room temperature and pressure, water is assumed to exist in a single phase as a liquid under confinement (e.g., in a carbon nanotube). In this study, using extensive molecular dynamics simulations, we show the existence of multiple phases of water when water meets a nanotube surface under atmospheric conditions (T = 300 K, P = 1 atm). Vapor, high-density ice, and liquid water phases coexist in the region within ∼1 nm from the surface. Structure factor, entropy, pressure, viscosity, and rotational diffusion of water layers near the surface reveal substantial phase anomalies induced by confinement. We show the presence of a new high-density solid-state ice layer (ρ = 3.9 g/cm3) with rhombic structure coexisting adjacent to vapor and liquid water. The existence of multiple phases of water near an interface can explain, for example, the slip phenomena, self-filling behavior of a carbon nanotube, and fast tran...

50 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a method is described to realize coupling to an external bath with constant temperature or pressure with adjustable time constants for the coupling, which can be easily extendable to other variables and to gradients, and can be applied also to polyatomic molecules involving internal constraints.
Abstract: In molecular dynamics (MD) simulations the need often arises to maintain such parameters as temperature or pressure rather than energy and volume, or to impose gradients for studying transport properties in nonequilibrium MD A method is described to realize coupling to an external bath with constant temperature or pressure with adjustable time constants for the coupling The method is easily extendable to other variables and to gradients, and can be applied also to polyatomic molecules involving internal constraints The influence of coupling time constants on dynamical variables is evaluated A leap‐frog algorithm is presented for the general case involving constraints with coupling to both a constant temperature and a constant pressure bath

25,256 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A parallel message-passing implementation of a molecular dynamics program that is useful for bio(macro)molecules in aqueous environment is described and can handle rectangular periodic boundary conditions with temperature and pressure scaling.

8,195 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The design includes an extraction of virial and periodic boundary conditions from the loops over pairwise interactions, and special software routines to enable rapid calculation of x–1/2.
Abstract: GROMACS 3.0 is the latest release of a versatile and very well optimized package for molecular simulation. Much effort has been devoted to achieving extremely high performance on both workstations and parallel computers. The design includes an extraction of virial and periodic boundary conditions from the loops over pairwise interactions, and special software routines to enable rapid calculation of x–1/2. Inner loops are generated automatically in C or Fortran at compile time, with optimizations adapted to each architecture. Assembly loops using SSE and 3DNow! Multimedia instructions are provided for x86 processors, resulting in exceptional performance on inexpensive PC workstations. The interface is simple and easy to use (no scripting language), based on standard command line arguments with self-explanatory functionality and integrated documentation. All binary files are independent of hardware endian and can be read by versions of GROMACS compiled using different floating-point precision. A large collection of flexible tools for trajectory analysis is included, with output in the form of finished Xmgr/Grace graphs. A basic trajectory viewer is included, and several external visualization tools can read the GROMACS trajectory format. Starting with version 3.0, GROMACS is available under the GNU General Public License from http://www.gromacs.org.

6,375 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: In this article, a three-point charge model (on hydrogen and oxygen positions) with a Lennard-Jones 6-12 potential on the oxygen positions only was developed, and parameters for the model were determined from 12 molecular dynamics runs covering the two-dimensional parameter space of charge and oxygen repulsion.
Abstract: For molecular dynamics simulations of hydrated proteins a simple yet reliable model for the intermolecular potential for water is required. Such a model must be an effective pair potential valid for liquid densities that takes average many-body interactions into account. We have developed a three-point charge model (on hydrogen and oxygen positions) with a Lennard-Jones 6–12 potential on the oxygen positions only. Parameters for the model were determined from 12 molecular dynamics runs covering the two-dimensional parameter space of charge and oxygen repulsion. Both potential energy and pressure were required to coincide with experimental values. The model has very satisfactory properties, is easily incorporated into protein-water potentials, and requires only 0.25 sec computertime per dynamics step (for 216 molecules) on a CRAY-1 computer.

5,336 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first and second papers in this series, which make it possible to interpret entropy data in terms of a physical picture, are applied to binary solutions, and equations are derived relating energy and volume changes when a solution is formed to the entropy change for the process as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The ideas of the first and second papers in this series, which make it possible to interpret entropy data in terms of a physical picture, are applied to binary solutions, and equations are derived relating energy and volume changes when a solution is formed to the entropy change for the process. These equations are tested against data obtained by various authors on mixtures of normal liquids, and on solutions of non‐polar gases in normal solvents. Good general agreement is found, and it is concluded that in such solutions the physical picture of molecules moving in a ``normal'' manner in each others' force fields is adequate. As would be expected, permanent gases, when dissolved in normal liquids, loosen the forces on neighboring solvent molecules producing a solvent reaction which increases the partial molal entropy of the solute.Entropies of vaporization from aqueous solutions diverge strikingly from the normal behavior established for non‐aqueous solutions. The nature of the deviations found for non‐polar solutes in water, together with the large effect of temperature upon them, leads to the idea that the water forms frozen patches or microscopic icebergs around such solute molecules, the extent of the iceberg increasing with the size of the solute molecule. Such icebergs are apparently formed also about the non‐polar parts of the molecules of polar substances such as alcohols and amines dissolved in water, in agreement with Butler's observation that the increasing insolubility of large non‐polar molecules is an entropy effect. The entropies of hydration of ions are discussed from the same point of view, and the conclusion is reached that ions, to an extent which depends on their sizes and charges, may cause a breaking down of water structure as well as a freezing or saturation of the water nearest them. Various phenomena recorded in the literature are interpreted in these terms. The influence of temperature on certain salting‐out coefficients is interpreted in terms of entropy changes. It appears that the salting‐out phenomenon is at least partly a structural effect. It is suggested that structural influences modify the distribution of ions in an electrolytesolution, and reasons are given for postulating the existence of a super‐lattice structure in solutions of LaCl3 and of EuCl3. An example is given of a possible additional influence of structural factors upon reacting tendencies in aqueous solutions.

2,572 citations