Entropy generation minimization: The new thermodynamics of finite-size devices and finite-time processes
01 Feb 1996-Journal of Applied Physics (American Institute of Physics)-Vol. 79, Iss: 3, pp 1191-1218
TL;DR: Entropy generation minimization (finite time thermodynamics, or thermodynamic optimization) is the method that combines into simple models the most basic concepts of heat transfer, fluid mechanics, and thermodynamics as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Entropy generation minimization (finite time thermodynamics, or thermodynamic optimization) is the method that combines into simple models the most basic concepts of heat transfer, fluid mechanics, and thermodynamics. These simple models are used in the optimization of real (irreversible) devices and processes, subject to finite‐size and finite‐time constraints. The review traces the development and adoption of the method in several sectors of mainstream thermal engineering and science: cryogenics, heat transfer, education, storage systems, solar power plants, nuclear and fossil power plants, and refrigerators. Emphasis is placed on the fundamental and technological importance of the optimization method and its results, the pedagogical merits of the method, and the chronological development of the field.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the state-of-the-art of finite time thermodynamic theory and applications from the point of view of both physics and engineering, focusing on the performance optimization of thermodynamic processes and devices with finite-time and/or finite-size constraints.
Abstract: Abstract The historical background, research development, and the state-of-the-art of finite time thermodynamic theory and applications are reviewed from the point of view of both physics and engineering. The emphasis is on the performance optimization of thermodynamic processes and devices with finite-time and/or finite-size constraints, including heat engines, refrigerators, heat pumps, chemical reactions and some other processes, with respect to the following aspects: the study of Newton's law systems, an analysis of the effect of heat resistance and other irreversible loss models on the performance, an analysis of the effect of heat reservoir models on the performance, as well as the application for real thermodynamic processes and devices. It is pointed out that the generalized thermodynamic optimization theory is the development direction of finite thermodynamics in the future.
716 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors outline the fundamentals of the methods of exergy analysis and entropy generation minimization (or thermodynamic optimization) subject to finite-size constraints and specified environmental conditions, and illustrate the accounting for exergy flows and accumulation in closed systems, open systems, heat transfer processes, and power and refrigeration plants.
Abstract: This paper outlines the fundamentals of the methods of exergy analysis and entropy generation minimization (or thermodynamic optimization—the minimization of exergy destruction). The paper begins with a review of the concept of irreversibility, entropy generation, or exergy destruction. Examples illustrate the accounting for exergy flows and accumulation in closed systems, open systems, heat transfer processes, and power and refrigeration plants. The proportionality between exergy destruction and entropy generation sends the designer in search of improved thermodynamic performance subject to finite-size constraints and specified environmental conditions. Examples are drawn from energy storage systems for sensible heat and latent heat, solar energy, and the generation of maximum power in a power plant model with finite heat transfer surface inventory. It is shown that the physical structure (geometric configuration, topology) of the system springs out of the process of global thermodynamic optimization subject to global constraints. This principle generates structure not only in engineering but also in physics and biology (constructal theory). Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
494 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the long-term mean properties of the global climate system and those of turbulent fluid systems are reviewed from a thermodynamic viewpoint, and two general expressions are derived for a rate of entropy production due to thermal and viscous dissipation (turbulent dissipation) in a fluid system.
Abstract: [1] The long-term mean properties of the global climate system and those of turbulent fluid systems are reviewed from a thermodynamic viewpoint. Two general expressions are derived for a rate of entropy production due to thermal and viscous dissipation (turbulent dissipation) in a fluid system. It is shown with these expressions that maximum entropy production in the Earth's climate system suggested by Paltridge, as well as maximum transport properties of heat or momentum in a turbulent system suggested by Malkus and Busse, correspond to a state in which the rate of entropy production due to the turbulent dissipation is at a maximum. Entropy production due to absorption of solar radiation in the climate system is found to be irrelevant to the maximized properties associated with turbulence. The hypothesis of maximum entropy production also seems to be applicable to the planetary atmospheres of Mars and Titan and perhaps to mantle convection. Lorenz's conjecture on maximum generation of available potential energy is shown to be akin to this hypothesis with a few minor approximations. A possible mechanism by which turbulent fluid systems adjust themselves to the states of maximum entropy production is presented as a self-feedback mechanism for the generation of available potential energy. These results tend to support the hypothesis of maximum entropy production that underlies a wide variety of nonlinear fluid systems, including our planet as well as other planets and stars.
396 citations
Cites background from "Entropy generation minimization: Th..."
...The situation resembles the optimization of nuclear power plants [e.g., Bejan, 1996], where the reactor (of power Q) warms to a temperature Th higher than the ambient Tl, and the designer must choose the effective thermal conductance ke of the power converter which is “shorted” by an unavoidable…...
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Book•
25 Feb 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a general theory of the entropy production for a homogeneous phase and the excess entropy for the Surface Flux Equations and Onsager Relations.
Abstract: General Theory: The Entropy Production for a Homogeneous Phase The Excess Entropy Production for the Surface Flux Equations and Onsager Relations Transport of Heat and Mass Transport of Mass and Charge Applications: Evaporation and Condensation A Non-Isothermal Concentration Cell Adiabatic Electrode Reactions The Formation Cell Modeling the Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell The Impedance of an Electrode Surface The Non-Equilibrium Two-Phase van der Waals Model and other chapters.
329 citations
Cites background or result from "Entropy generation minimization: Th..."
...by Bejan and coworkers, see [84, 85] (mostly mechanical systems) and by Kjelstrup and coworkers since 1995, see [29] (mostly chemical systems)....
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...For details on how to map the second law efficiency of an industrial system or how to systematically improve this efficiency, we refer to Bejan [84,85] and to the book “Elements of irreversible thermodynamics for engineers” [28, 29]....
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...Bejan [85] (page 227) showed that the state of minimum entropy production was equal to the state of maximum power, contrary to other claims [120], see also [29]....
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...The relation is called the Gouy–Stodola theorem [84, 85]....
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References
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Book•
01 Jan 1992TL;DR: In this paper, an introduction to convection in porous media assumes the reader is familiar with basic fluid mechanics and heat transfer, going on to cover insulation of buildings, energy storage and recovery, geothermal reservoirs, nuclear waste disposal, chemical reactor engineering and the storage of heat-generating materials like grain and coal.
Abstract: This introduction to convection in porous media assumes the reader is familiar with basic fluid mechanics and heat transfer, going on to cover insulation of buildings, energy storage and recovery, geothermal reservoirs, nuclear waste disposal, chemical reactor engineering and the storage of heat-generating materials like grain and coal. Geophysical applications range from the flow of groundwater around hot intrusions to the stability of snow against avalanches. The book is intended to be used as a reference, a tutorial work or a textbook for graduates.
5,570 citations
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01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a transition from Laminar boundary layer flow to Turbulent Boundary Layer flow with change of phase Mass Transfer Convection in Porous Media.
Abstract: Fundamental Principles Laminar Boundary Layer Flow Laminar Duct Flow External Natural Convection Internal Natural Convection Transition to Turbulence Turbulent Boundary Layer Flow Turbulent Duct Flow Free Turbulent Flows Convection with Change of Phase Mass Transfer Convection in Porous Media.
4,067 citations
Book•
28 Nov 1995
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of thermal system design using thermodynamics, modeling, and design analysis, including exergy analysis, energy analysis, and economic analysis.
Abstract: Introduction to Thermal System Design Thermodynamics, Modeling, and Design Analysis Exergy Analysis Heat Transfer, Modeling, and Design Analysis Applications with Heat and Fluid Flow Applications with Thermodynamics and Heat and Fluid Flow Economic Analysis Thermoeconomic Analysis and Evaluation Thermoeconomic Optimization Appendices Index
3,050 citations
Book•
01 Sep 1988
TL;DR: The First Law of Thermodynamics and the Second Law of Exergy were combined in this paper to describe the destruction of exergy in single-phase and multi-phase systems.
Abstract: The First Law of Thermodynamics. The Second Law of Thermodynamics. The Two Laws Combined: The Destruction of Exergy. Single--Phase Systems. Exergy Analysis. Multiphase Systems. Chemically Reactive Systems. Power Generation. Solar Power. Refrigeration. Thermodynamic Optimization. Irreversible Thermodynamics. Constructal Theory of Organization in Nature. Appendix. About the Author. Indexes.
2,710 citations