Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental and physical controls on northern terrestrial methane emissions across permafrost zones
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TLDR
Future changes to terrestrial high-latitude CH4 emissions will be more proximately related to changes in moisture, soil temperature, and vegetation composition than to increased availability of organic matter following permafrost thaw.Abstract:
Methane (CH4) emissions from the northern high-latitude region represent potentially significant biogeochemical feedbacks to the climate system. We compiled a database of growing-season CH4 emissions from terrestrial ecosystems located across permafrost zones, including 303 sites described in 65 studies. Data on environmental and physical variables, including permafrost conditions, were used to assess controls on CH4 emissions. Water table position, soil temperature, and vegetation composition strongly influenced emissions and had interacting effects. Sites with a dense sedge cover had higher emissions than other sites at comparable water table positions, and this was an effect that was more pronounced at low soil temperatures. Sensitivity analysis suggested that CH4 emissions from ecosystems where the water table on average is at or above the soil surface (wet tundra, fen underlain by permafrost, and littoral ecosystems) are more sensitive to variability in soil temperature than drier ecosystems (palsa dry tundra, bog, and fen), whereas the latter ecosystems conversely are relatively more sensitive to changes of the water table position. Sites with near-surface permafrost had lower CH4 fluxes than sites without permafrost at comparable water table positions, a difference that was explained by lower soil temperatures. Neither the active layer depth nor the organic soil layer depth was related to CH4 emissions. Permafrost thaw in lowland regions is often associated with increased soil moisture, higher soil temperatures, and increased sedge cover. In our database, lowland thermokarst sites generally had higher emissions than adjacent sites with intact permafrost, but emissions from thermokarst sites were not statistically higher than emissions from permafrost-free sites with comparable environmental conditions. Overall, these results suggest that future changes to terrestrial high-latitude CH4 emissions will be more proximately related to changes in moisture, soil temperature, and vegetation composition than to increased availability of organic matter following permafrost thaw.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change and the permafrost carbon feedback
Edward A. G. Schuur,A. D. McGuire,Christina Schädel,Christina Schädel,Guido Grosse,Jennifer W. Harden,Daniel J. Hayes,Gustaf Hugelius,Charles D. Koven,Peter Kuhry,David M. Lawrence,Susan M. Natali,David Olefeldt,Vladimir E. Romanovsky,Kevin Schaefer,Merritt R. Turetsky,Claire C. Treat,Jorien E. Vonk +17 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors find that current evidence suggests a gradual and prolonged release of greenhouse gas emissions in a warming climate and present a research strategy with which to target poorly understood aspects of permafrost carbon dynamics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Surface water inundation in the boreal-Arctic: potential impacts on regional methane emissions
TL;DR: In this article, a satellite data driven model investigation of the combined effects of surface warming and moisture variability on high northern latitude (⩾45° N) wetland emissions, by considering sub-grid scale changes in fractional water inundation (Fw) at 15 day, monthly and annual intervals using 25km resolution satellite microwave retrievals, and the impact of recent (2003-11) wetting/drying on northern CH4 emissions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Key indicators of Arctic climate change : 1971–2017
Jason E. Box,William Colgan,Torben R. Christensen,Torben R. Christensen,Niels Martin Schmidt,Magnus Lund,Frans-Jan W. Parmentier,Frans-Jan W. Parmentier,Ross Brown,Uma S. Bhatt,Eugénie S. Euskirchen,Vladimir E. Romanovsky,John Walsh,James E. Overland,Muyin Wang,Muyin Wang,Robert W. Corell,Walter N. Meier,Bert Wouters,Bert Wouters,Sebastian H. Mernild,Sebastian H. Mernild,Sebastian H. Mernild,Johanna Mård,Janet Pawlak,Morten Skovgård Olsen +25 more
TL;DR: In this article, key observational indicators of climate change in the Arctic, most spanning a 47-year period (1971-2017) demonstrate fundamental changes among nine key elements of the Arctic system.
Journal ArticleDOI
A synthesis of methane emissions from 71 northern, temperate, and subtropical wetlands
Merritt R. Turetsky,Agnieszka Kotowska,Jill L. Bubier,Nancy B. Dise,Patrick M. Crill,Edward R. C. Hornibrook,Kari Minkkinen,Tim R. Moore,Isla H. Myers-Smith,Hannu Nykänen,David Olefeldt,Janne Rinne,Sanna Saarnio,Narasinha J. Shurpali,Eeva-Stiina Tuittila,J. Michael Waddington,Jeffrey R. White,Kimberly P. Wickland,Martin Wilmking +18 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that water table and temperature are dominant controls on methane flux in pristine bogs and swamps, while other processes, such as vascular transport in pristine fens, have the potential to partially override the effect of these controls in other wetland types.
Journal ArticleDOI
Methane Feedbacks to the Global Climate System in a Warmer World
Joshua F. Dean,Jack J. Middelburg,Thomas Röckmann,Rien Aerts,Luke G. Blauw,Matthias Egger,Mike S. M. Jetten,Anniek E. E. de Jong,Ove H. Meisel,Olivia Rasigraf,Caroline P. Slomp,Michiel H. in 't Zandt,A. J. Dolman +12 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors synthesize biological, geochemical, and physically focused CH4 climate feedback literature, bringing together the key findings of these disciplines, and discuss environment-specific feedback processes, including the microbial, physical, and geochemical interlinkages and the timescales on which they operate.
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