Environmental and resource burdens associated with world biofuel production out to 2050: footprint components from carbon emissions and land use to waste arisings and water consumption
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"Environmental and resource burdens ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...…factor ðghaha 1Þ Conversion factor ðghaha 1Þ ¼ Global crop yield factor Equivalence factor ðghaha 1Þ A global crop ‘yield factor’ of 2.44 [as suggested by Alderson et al. (2012)] and the related equivalence factor of 2.1 were employed (following Hammond & Seth, 2013) to evaluate the amount…...
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...The waste footprint component includes all wastes produced as a result of releases from each biorefinery process, and its footprint is calculated as follows (Alderson et al., 2012):...
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...This was used in the resulting conversion factor to obtain a figure of 1.4744 gha per tC (Alderson et al., 2012)....
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...This component-based approach (following Simmons et al., 2000; Eaton et al., 2007; Alderson et al., 2012) facilitates the examination of sustainability issues broadly, along with specific matters, such as the linkages associated with the so-called ELW nexus (Brandi et al....
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...This practice was first adopted by Alderson et al. (2012)....
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56 citations
"Environmental and resource burdens ..." refers background or methods or result in this paper
...…roadmap on transport biofuels The IEA ‘technology roadmap’ on transport biofuels (IEA, 2011) suggests that, although FGB will dominate the market up to 2020 [(in line with the OECD-FAO projections analysed by Hammond & Seth (2013)], SGB might constitute some 75% of biofuels production by 2050....
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...Hammond & Seth (2013) applied similar footprint methods to determine the environmental and resource burdens arising from the global production of liquid biofuels up until about 2020....
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...Energy generation is obviously the main driver for anthropogenic climate change, whilst there are competing demands on land use [both LUC and iLUC (Hammond & Jones, 2011; Hammond & Seth, 2013)] for both food and biofuel production....
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...These individual environmental footprint components associated with world biofuel production have been estimated on an annual basis (Hammond & Seth, 2013): Total environmental footprint ðEFÞ ¼ Bioproductive land footprintþ Built land footprint þ Carbon footprintþ Embodied energy footprint þ…...
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...The generation of energy vectors is obviously the main driver for anthropogenic climate change, whilst there are competing demands on land use [both LUC and iLUC (Hammond et al., 2012; Hammond & Seth, 2013)] for both food and biofuel production....
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54 citations
"Environmental and resource burdens ..." refers background in this paper
...The term ‘Natural Capital’ (Costanza & Daly, 1992; Ekins, 1992; Aronson et al., 2006; Turner & Daily, 2008; Daly & Farley, 2011) is typically used to denote the biotic or abiotic stocks and flows that yield natural assets and tangible natural resources....
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47 citations
"Environmental and resource burdens ..." refers background in this paper
...Environmental or ‘ecological’ footprints (ef) have been widely used in recent years as indicators of resource consumption and waste absorption transformed on the basis of biologically productive land area [in global hectares (gha)] required per capita with prevailing technology (Chambers et al., 2000; Hammond, 2006; Eaton et al., 2007; Cranston & Hammond, 2010; Alderson et al., 2012)....
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...The terms ‘environmental’ and ‘ecological’ footprints are used interchangeably here [as they were previously by Hammond (2006), Eaton et al. (2007), Cranston & Hammond (2010), Alderson et al. (2012) and Hammond & Seth (2013)], although the former expression is preferred....
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...…of resource consumption and waste absorption transformed on the basis of biologically productive land area [in global hectares (gha)] required per capita with prevailing technology (Chambers et al., 2000; Hammond, 2006; Eaton et al., 2007; Cranston & Hammond, 2010; Alderson et al., 2012)....
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43 citations
"Environmental and resource burdens ..." refers background in this paper
...They are all exacerbated by increasing ELW demands arising from the growth in world population that is moving towards 8 bn in 2025 and 9.5 bn by 2050 (Cranston & Hammond, 2010), as well as human socio-economic developments generally....
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...They are all exacerbated by increasing ELW demands arising from the growth in world population that is moving towards 8 billion (bn) in 2025 and 9.5 bn by 2050 (Cranston & Hammond, 2010), as well as human socio-economic developments generally....
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...These carbon footprints have become the ‘currency’ of debate in a climate-constrained world (Cranston & Hammond, 2010)....
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...The EFA resource components had to be identified and categorized to reflect broad and identifiable policymaking categories, which match the consumption of ‘natural capital’ (Eaton et al., 2007; Cranston & Hammond, 2010)....
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...…of resource consumption and waste absorption transformed on the basis of biologically productive land area [in global hectares (gha)] required per capita with prevailing technology (Chambers et al., 2000; Hammond, 2006; Eaton et al., 2007; Cranston & Hammond, 2010; Alderson et al., 2012)....
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