Environmentally Friendly Machining: Vegetable Based Cutting Fluids
01 Jan 2013-pp 23-47
TL;DR: This chapter has also focused on environmental conscious machining such as dry cutting, machining with minimum quantity lubricant and especially machine with vegetable based cutting fluids including other types of cutting fluids.
Abstract: A wide variety of cutting fluids are commercially available in the cutting fluid suppliers in order to provide machining performances for a number of industries In machining, mineral, synthetic and semi-synthetic cutting fluids are widely used but, recently, uses of vegetable based cutting fluids have been increased Although, these cutting fluids are beneficial in the industries, their uses are being questioned nowadays as regards to health and environmental issues Cutting fluids are contaminated with metal particles and degradation products which diminish the effectiveness of cutting fluids To minimize the adverse environmental effects associated with the use of cutting fluids, the hazardous components from their formulations have to be eliminated or reduced to the acceptable level In addition, mineral based cutting fluids are going to be replaced with vegetable based cutting fluids since they are environmentally friendly Today to diminish the negative effects associated with cutting fluids, researchers have developed new bio based cutting fluids from various vegetable oils This chapter has also focused on environmental conscious machining such as dry cutting, machining with minimum quantity lubricant and especially machining with vegetable based cutting fluids including other types of cutting fluids Literatures associated with types of cutting fluids have also been presented in this chapter
Citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of green machining including the cutting fluid type as well as the methods to apply the cutting fluids in machining process is made regarding an attempt was made regarding of green manufacturing including cutting fluid types and its machining conditions are critically important in order to maximize the efficiency of cutting fluids.
555 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed various minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) methods used by various machining processes for different materials and highlighted the future work directions for research in this area.
Abstract: In the pursuit toward achieving dry cutting, air machining, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), and cryogenically cooled machining are the stepping stones. Nevertheless, machining is always accompanied by certain difficulties, and hence none of these methods has provided a complete solution. Hence, this article reviews various MQL methods used by various machining processes for different materials. It also highlights the future work directions for research in this area.
208 citations
Cites background from "Environmentally Friendly Machining:..."
...But certain issues related to health and the environment and factors related to the cost and disposal also exist [6, 17]....
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...—Comparison of different cutting fluids [6]....
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...); and machining parameters (speed, feed, depth of cut, and type of operation) [6]....
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...In general, cutting fluids with high lubricity ability are generally used in low-speed machining such as screw cutting on difficult-to-cut materials, whereas cutting fluids with high cooling ability are generally used in high-speed machining [6]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the wear resistance of hard nitride-based coatings obtained using physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and thermal spraying techniques is investigated, and the results of thin film coatings deposition on the wear performance and coefficient of friction are investigated.
186 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comprehensive analysis of the use of cutting fluids and main alternatives in machining is carried out focusing on the economic, environmental and technical points, and the analysis was done focusing on different types of cutting fluid formulations.
153 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the current state of the art for sustainable manufacturing of gears is presented, which also recommends ways to improve the productivity and quality while simultaneously ensuring environmental sustainability.
147 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review and identify the materials known as difficult-to-machine and their properties and major health and environmental concerns about their usage in material cutting industries are defined.
Abstract: Machining difficult-to-machine materials such as alloys used in aerospace, nuclear and medical industries are usually accompanied with low productivity, poor surface quality and short tool life. Despite the broad use of the term difficult-to-machine or hard-to-cut materials, the area of these types of materials and their properties are not clear yet. On the other hand, using cutting fluids is a common technique for improving machinability and has been acknowledged since early 20th. However, the environmental and health hazards associated with the use of conventional cutting fluids together with developing governmental regulations have resulted in increasing machining costs. The aim of this paper is to review and identify the materials known as difficult-to-machine and their properties. In addition, different cutting fluids are reviewed and major health and environmental concerns about their usage in material cutting industries are defined. Finally, advances in reducing and/or eliminating the use of conventional cutting fluids are reviewed and discussed.
658 citations
"Environmentally Friendly Machining:..." refers background in this paper
...Some of lubricants in the cutting fluids is considered to be hazardous to the environment and health [6] such as chlorinated extreme pressure additives....
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...In dry machining, advanced cutting tool materials and selection of cutting parameters are inevitable; however these cutting tools are very expensive and increase the machining costs [6]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the basic mechanism of vegetable oil autoxidation is presented, along with methods used to monitor and analyse the products of oxidation, and the potential impact of such oxidation products on lubrication performance is discussed.
641 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present recent developments in the dry machining operation and discuss the benefits of using cutting fluids for green machining, and also point out that some benefits of cutting fluids are not going to be available for dry machine and also dry machinings will be acceptable only whenever the part quality and machining times achieved in wet machining are equalled or surpassed.
614 citations
"Environmentally Friendly Machining:..." refers methods in this paper
...MQL reduces the cutting fluid consumption but this method uses cutting fluids in the form of mist which increases health hazards for the operators [30]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of major advances in techniques such as minimum quantity lubrication (MQL)/near dry machining (NDM), high pressure coolant (HPC), cryogenic cooling, compressed air cooling and use of solid lubricants/coolants.
Abstract: The past century has witnessed significant advancements in turning process, cutting tools, machine controls and coolant/lubricant chemistry. These developments have particularly enhanced the machining of difficult-to-cut materials, which are used for aerospace, steam turbine, bearing industry, nuclear and automotive applications. In turning operation, friction and heat generation at the cutting zone are the frequent problems, which affect the tool life and surface finish apart from other machining results. This mechanism of heat generation plays quite a negative role during the turning of modern materials due to their peculiar characteristics such as poor thermal conductivity, high strength at elevated temperature, resistance to wear and chemical degradation. A good understanding of the methods of lubrication/cooling at the cutting zone, reduction of heat generation will lead to efficient and economic machining of these modern materials. This paper presents an overview of major advances in techniques as minimum quantity lubrication (MQL)/near dry machining (NDM), high pressure coolant (HPC), cryogenic cooling, compressed air cooling and use of solid lubricants/coolants. These techniques have resulted in reduction in friction and heat at the cutting zone, hence improved productivity of the process. A brief survey of modeling/FEA techniques is also performed.
438 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of cutting fluids on tool wear and surface roughness during turning of AISI 304 with carbide tool has been investigated and the results indicated that in general, coconut oil performed better than the other two cutting fluids in reducing the tool wear.
388 citations
"Environmentally Friendly Machining:..." refers methods in this paper
...Xavior and Adithan [74] used coconut oil during turning of AISI 304 stainless steel and measured tool wear and surface roughness....
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