Enzyme electrodes based on the use of a carbon dioxide sensor. Urea and L-tyrosine electrodes.
About: This article is published in Analytical Chemistry.The article was published on 1972-11-01. It has received 114 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide & Carbon dioxide sensor.
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211 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the advantages and roles of various matrices, different strategies for biosensor construction, analytical performance and applications are discussed, and the prospects of urea biosensors for medical applications are also discussed.
182 citations
TL;DR: The glucose electrode constructed and the use of flow-stream experiments with two iodide sensors provided accurate and convenient glucose determinations in the absence of some oxidizing and reducing agents.
123 citations
TL;DR: The theoretical and experimental behavior of these enzymatic membrane electrodes were compared using the analysis of product concentrations resulting from the association of diffusion with enzyme reaction in the active layer, and the optimum operating conditions were determined.
Abstract: The construction of electrodes, the behavior of which could be accurately analyzed and optimized is described. Two methods were used to construct such enzyme electrodes. A direct binding method, where a cation electrode was dipped into a solution of enzyme, albumin, and glutaraldehyde: a thin layer of cross-linked protein coated the electrode bulb. A two-step method, where an active membrane was first made by cross-linking these proteins by glutaraldehyde on a glass plate, then fitting with a silicone membrane onto a gas electrode (O2 or CO2). Both methods were used to construct glucose and urease electrodes measuring either NH4+ ions or CO2. Glucose oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase-pO2 electrodes were also developed. The theoretical and experimental behavior of these enzymatic membrane electrodes were compared using the analysis of product concentrations resulting from the association of diffusion with enzyme reaction in the active layer, and the optimum operating conditions were determined.
99 citations
TL;DR: The biosensor with best response characteristics, obtained by procedure (B), showed the following characteristics of response to urea: linearity in the 10(-4) to 10(-2) M range; slope of up to 56 mV per decade; and lifetime of 2 months.
90 citations
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TL;DR: An enzyme electrode specific for glutamine is described that responds to glutamine over the concentration range l0-1–l0-4M with a response time of only 1–2 min.
57 citations
TL;DR: A specific electrode is described for the direct assay of urea in blood and urine by immobilizing a layer of urease in polyacrylamide over the surface of a Beckman cation electrode and is used in an ion-exchange system with an uncoated cation electrodes as reference.
52 citations