Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Contributes to Variation for Wing Shape in Drosophila melanogaster
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Cites background or methods from "Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor an..."
...…based on separate Procrustes fits have reported low phenotypic and genetic correlations and differences in the genetic architecture of principal components of shape for different subsets of landmarks (Birdsall et al. 2000; Zimmerman et al. 2000; Palsson and Gibson 2004; Dworkin and Gibson 2006)....
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...Whereas analyses based on joint Procrustes fits have underscored the integration across the Drosophila wing (Klingenberg and Zaklan 2000), studies based on separate Procrustes fits have reported low phenotypic and genetic correlations and differences in the genetic architecture of principal components of shape for different subsets of landmarks (Birdsall et al. 2000; Zimmerman et al. 2000; Palsson and Gibson 2004; Dworkin and Gibson 2006)....
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...…and visualized the corresponding vector of regression coefficients, which is the vector ða0X0XaÞ 1ðXaÞ0X; ð5Þ where a is the discriminant function or CV axis (e.g., Rohlf et al. 1996; Adams and Funk 1997; Harvati 2003; Klingenberg and Monteiro 2005; Dworkin and Gibson 2006; Leinonen et al. 2006)....
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...Klingenberg and Monteiro noticed that this leads to a visualization of the scaled selection differential s....
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...Klingenberg and Monteiro (2005) claimed that selection gradients for Procrustes shape coordinates are not vectors in shape space and should not be visualized directly, but instead by a regression of shape on the scores along the selection gradient, such as in (5)....
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...Similarly, instead of a direct visualization of selection gradients, Klingenberg and Monteiro (2005) suggested visualizing the multivariate regression of shape on the scores along the selection gradient b....
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...Instead, several authors regressed the shape variables on the canonical variate scores and visualized the corresponding vector of regression coefficients, which is the vector ða0X0XaÞ 1ðXaÞ0X; ð5Þ where a is the discriminant function or CV axis (e.g., Rohlf et al. 1996; Adams and Funk 1997; Harvati 2003; Klingenberg and Monteiro 2005; Dworkin and Gibson 2006; Leinonen et al. 2006)....
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"Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor an..." refers background in this paper
...This can result in the ‘‘Pinocchio’’ effect where after superimposition the effects are transferred across all the landmarks and not just the ones showing displacement (Rohlf and Slice 1990; Walker 2000; Zelditch et al. 2004)....
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"Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor an..." refers background or methods in this paper
...For an introduction to these methods please refer to Zelditch et al. (2004)....
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...To account for the large replicate effects observed (Table 2), probabilities from each replicate measure were combined using Fisher’s method 2 P ln Pi , combined over both replicates and evaluated assuming a x[2k]2 -distribution (Sokal and Rohlf 1995), where k ¼ number of tests (one for each…...
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...While there is a wealth of information with respect to the role of these genes during the development of the wing, little is known about the genetic modification of wing shape....
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...Analysis: Procrustes superimposition of landmarks: In a mathematical framework, shape is defined as the residual variation in landmark displacement once position, isometric scale, and rotation are accounted for (Bookstein 1991; Zelditch et al. 2004)....
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...Geometric morphometric methods, a recent development in the analysis of shape (Bookstein 1991; Zelditch et al. 2004), allow for sensitive discrimination between groups or treatments (Klingenberg 2002;Houle et al. 2003)....
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