Epigenetic control of plant senescence and linked processes
TL;DR: The review outlines the concept of epigenetic control of interconnected regulatory pathways steering stress responses and plant development and summarizes recent findings on global alterations in chromatin structure, histone and DNA modifications, and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling during plant senescence and linked processes.
Abstract: Senescence processes are part of the plant developmental programme. They involve reprogramming of gene expression and are under the control of a complex regulatory network closely linked to other developmental and stressresponsive pathways. Recent evidence indicates that leaf senescence is regulated via epigenetic mechanisms. In the present review, the epigenetic control of plant senescence is discussed in the broader context of environmentsensitive plant development. The review outlines the concept of epigenetic control of interconnected regulatory pathways steering stress responses and plant development. Besides giving an overview of techniques used in the field, it summarizes recent findings on global alterations in chromatin structure, histone and DNA modifications, and ATPdependent chromatin remodelling during plant senescence and linked processes.
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01 Dec 2014
TL;DR: Ortiz, Cristian Matias, and Ortson as mentioned in this paper presented a study on the role of protein in the development of protein-protein interactions in the human body.
Abstract: Fil: Ortiz, Cristian Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico la Plata. Centro de Investigaciones En Criotecnologia de Alimentos (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Argentina
3 citations
TL;DR: Combining environmental, phenotypic and epigenetic data analyses, it is shown that at least part of the epigenetic variability, previously described as stochastic, is linked to environmental micro-variations during plant growth and proposed that subsequent epigenetic studies take into account microclimate-induced methylation variability.
Abstract: Environmental cues are known to alter the methylation profile of genomic DNA, and thereby change the expression of some genes. A proportion of such modifications may become adaptive by adjusting expression of stress response genes but others been shown to be highly stochastic, even under controlled conditions. The influence of environmental flux on plants adds an additional layer of complexity that has potential to confound attempts to interpret interactions between environment, methylome and plant form. We therefore adopt a positional and longitudinal approach to study progressive changes to barley DNA methylation patterns in response to salt exposure during development under greenhouse conditions. Methylation-Sensitive Amplified Polymorphism (MSAP) and phenotypic analyses of nine diverse barley varieties were grown in a randomized plot design, under two salt treatments (0 mM and 75 mM NaCl). Combining environmental, phenotypic and epigenetic data analyses, we show that at least part of the epigenetic variability, previously described as stochastic, is linked to environmental micro-variations during plant growth. Additionally, we show that differences in methylation increase with time of exposure to micro-variations in environment. We propose that subsequent epigenetic studies take into account microclimate-induced epigenetic variability.
3 citations
Cites background from "Epigenetic control of plant senesce..."
...These have been variously implicated in orchestrating developmental processes (Kohler and Makarevich, 2006; Ishida et al., 2008; Ay et al., 2014; Jung et al., 2015; Kooke et al., 2015), cell and organ differentiation (Joyce et al., 2003; Kohler and Makarevich, 2006; Kitimu et al., 2015; Kooke et…...
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...These have been variously implicated in orchestrating developmental 44 processes (Kohler and Makarevich, 2006; Ishida et al., 2008; Ay et al., 2014; Jung et al., 2015; 45 Kooke et al., 2015), cell and organ differentiation (Joyce et al....
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...These have been variously implicated in orchestrating developmental 44 processes (Kohler and Makarevich, 2006; Ishida et al., 2008; Ay et al., 2014; Jung et al., 2015; 45 Kooke et al., 2015), cell and organ differentiation (Joyce et al., 2003; Kohler and Makarevich, 46 2006; Kitimu et al., 2015;…...
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24 Feb 2020
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors applied iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) to determine the accumulation of proteins in aging tobacco leaves, and the results of KEGG pathway analysis showed that differently expressed proteins (DEPs) were involved in four pathways: metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, microbial metabolism in diverse environments, and starch and sucrose metabolism.
Abstract: Leaf aging is a significant process during herbaceous plant senescence, which is influenced by various internal and external factors. During leaf aging, chlorophyll catabolism is one of the most important metabolism pathways and results in leaf yellowing. Understanding the underlying mechanism is important for the regulation of senescence in tobacco leaf. However, there are few studies on explaining tobacco leaf senescence from the proteomics level. Here, photosynthesis experiments, cell ultrastructure, and proteomics were used to study tobacco leaves of different growth stages. We applied iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) to determine the accumulation of proteins in aging tobacco leaves. Overall, we screened 4747 proteins. The result of KEGG pathways analysis showed that differently expressed proteins (DEPs) were involved in four pathways: metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, microbial metabolism in diverse environments, and starch and sucrose metabolism. This would be first report based on iTRAQ-PRM technique, in which we identified proteins related to photosynthesis showed a differently expressed during senescence stage in flue-cured tobacco plants.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors analyzed published data on various aspects of plant aging with focus on any inferences that could shed a light on aging in animals and help to fight it in humans.
2 citations
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TL;DR: The surface of nucleosomes is studded with a multiplicity of modifications that can dictate the higher-order chromatin structure in which DNA is packaged and can orchestrate the ordered recruitment of enzyme complexes to manipulate DNA.
10,046 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that this epigenetic marking system represents a fundamental regulatory mechanism that has an impact on most, if not all, chromatin-templated processes, with far-reaching consequences for cell fate decisions and both normal and pathological development.
Abstract: Chromatin, the physiological template of all eukaryotic genetic information, is subject to a diverse array of posttranslational modifications that largely impinge on histone amino termini, thereby regulating access to the underlying DNA. Distinct histone amino-terminal modifications can generate synergistic or antagonistic interaction affinities for chromatin-associated proteins, which in turn dictate dynamic transitions between transcriptionally active or transcriptionally silent chromatin states. The combinatorial nature of histone amino-terminal modifications thus reveals a “histone code” that considerably extends the information potential of the genetic code. We propose that this epigenetic marking system represents a fundamental regulatory mechanism that has an impact on most, if not all, chromatin-templated processes, with far-reaching consequences for cell fate decisions and both normal and pathological development.
9,309 citations
TL;DR: The X-ray crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle of chromatin shows in atomic detail how the histone protein octamer is assembled and how 146 base pairs of DNA are organized into a superhelix around it.
Abstract: The X-ray crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle of chromatin shows in atomic detail how the histone protein octamer is assembled and how 146 base pairs of DNA are organized into a superhelix around it. Both histone/histone and histone/DNA interactions depend on the histone fold domains and additional, well ordered structure elements extending from this motif. Histone amino-terminal tails pass over and between the gyres of the DNA superhelix to contact neighbouring particles. The lack of uniformity between multiple histone/DNA-binding sites causes the DNA to deviate from ideal superhelix geometry.
7,841 citations
TL;DR: Drawing on insights from both plants and animals should deepen the understanding of the regulation and biological significance of DNA methylation.
Abstract: Cytosine DNA methylation is a stable epigenetic mark that is crucial for diverse biological processes, including gene and transposon silencing, imprinting and X chromosome inactivation. Recent findings in plants and animals have greatly increased our understanding of the pathways used to accurately target, maintain and modify patterns of DNA methylation and have revealed unanticipated mechanistic similarities between these organisms. Key roles have emerged for small RNAs, proteins with domains that bind methylated DNA and DNA glycosylases in these processes. Drawing on insights from both plants and animals should deepen our understanding of the regulation and biological significance of DNA methylation.
3,180 citations
TL;DR: This work has shown that transcription occurs against a backdrop of mixtures of complex modifications, which probably have several roles, and suggests that a more likely model is of a sophisticated, nuanced chromatin 'language' in which different combinations of basic building blocks yield dynamic functional outcomes.
Abstract: An important development in understanding the influence of chromatin on gene regulation has been the finding that DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications lead to the recruitment of protein complexes that regulate transcription. Early interpretations of this phenomenon involved gene regulation reflecting predictive activating or repressing types of modification. However, further exploration reveals that transcription occurs against a backdrop of mixtures of complex modifications, which probably have several roles. Although such modifications were initially thought to be a simple code, a more likely model is of a sophisticated, nuanced chromatin 'language' in which different combinations of basic building blocks yield dynamic functional outcomes.
2,674 citations