Equality of Opportunity
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Cites result from "Equality of Opportunity"
...Comparing his results to those of Roth et al., Cameron (1999), and Hoffman et al....
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"Equality of Opportunity" refers background in this paper
...The debate is said to be about ‘equality of what,’ and the philosophical view is 23 sometimes called ‘luck egalitarianism,’ a term coined by Elizabeth Anderson (1999). 24 Economists (besides Sen) have been involved in this discussion from 1985 25 onwards. John Roemer (1993, 1998) proposed an algorithm for calculating policies that 26 would equalize opportunities for achievement of a given objective in a population. Marc 27 Fleurbaey and François Maniquet contributed economic proposals beginning in the 28 1990s, and recently summarized in Fleurbaey (2008). Other authors who have 29 contributed to the theory include Walter Bossert (1995, 1997), Vito Peragine (2004), and 30 Dirk Van de gaer ( 1993)....
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...This is 636 an important point, because some philosophers have falsely concluded that applying the 637 equal-opportunity approach will necessitate incursions into privacy, and making 638 distinctions among individuals in resource-allocation questions that are either difficult or 639 socially objectionable in some way (see Anderson (1999))....
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...The debate is said to be about ‘equality of what,’ and the philosophical view is 23 sometimes called ‘luck egalitarianism,’ a term coined by Elizabeth Anderson (1999). 24 Economists (besides Sen) have been involved in this discussion from 1985 25 onwards....
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...The debate is said to be about ‘equality of what,’ and the philosophical view is 23 sometimes called ‘luck egalitarianism,’ a term coined by Elizabeth Anderson (1999). 24 Economists (besides Sen) have been involved in this discussion from 1985 25 onwards. John Roemer (1993, 1998) proposed an algorithm for calculating policies that 26 would equalize opportunities for achievement of a given objective in a population. Marc 27 Fleurbaey and François Maniquet contributed economic proposals beginning in the 28 1990s, and recently summarized in Fleurbaey (2008). Other authors who have 29 contributed to the theory include Walter Bossert (1995, 1997), Vito Peragine (2004), and 30 Dirk Van de gaer ( 1993). An empirical literature is rapidly developing, calculating the 31 extent to which opportunities for the acquisition of various objectives are unequal in 32 various countries, and whether people hold views of justice consonant with equality of 33 opportunity. 34 There are various ways of summarizing the significance of these developments 35 for the economics of inequality. Prior to the philosophical contributions that ignited the 36 economic literature that is our focus in this chapter, there was an earlier skirmish around 37 the practical import of equalizing opportunities. Just prior to the publication of Rawls’s 38 magnum opus (1971), contributions by Arthur Jensen (1969) and Richard Herrnstein 39 (1971) proposed that inequality was in the main due to differential intelligence (IQ), and 40 so generating a more equal income distribution by equalizing opportunities (for instance, 41 through compensatory education of under-privileged children) was a chimera. 42 Economists Samuel Bowles (1973) and John Conlisk (1974) disagreed; Bowles argued 43 that inequality of income was almost all due to unequal opportunities, not to the 44 heritability of IQ....
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...We 2709 mention the work of Scheffler (2003) and Anderson (1999), both of whom criticize what 2710 they call ‘luck egalitarianism’ as too focused upon individual choice: to this they oppose 2711 a view of ‘democratic equality’ which involves treating all persons with equal dignity and 2712 respect....
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1,991 citations
1,734 citations
"Equality of Opportunity" refers background in this paper
...Cohen (2009) has suggested that the 762 inequalities allowed by an equal-opportunity theory should, if they are large, be reduced 763 by appealing to the value of social unity (what he calls ‘community’), which will be 764 strained if outcome inequalities are too large. 765 Our agnostic view concerning the degree of reward that effort deserves contrasts 766 with that of Fleurbaey (2008), who advocates an axiom of ‘natural reward’ to calibrate 767 the rewards to effort, as will be discussed in section 5....
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...317 Slightly before Dworkin’s articles were published, Amartya Sen (1980) gave a 318 lecture in which he argued that Rawls’s focus on primary goods was misplaced....
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...Cohen (2009) has suggested that the 762 inequalities allowed by an equal-opportunity theory should, if they are large, be reduced 763 by appealing to the value of social unity (what he calls ‘community’), which will be 764 strained if outcome inequalities are too large....
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...Cohen’s (1989) phrase ‘access to advantage’, which he desires to 2014 equalize.) Dworkin and Fleurbaey represent the preference view, in which a person is 2015 held responsible for his choices, if they flow from preferences with which he identifies. 2016 Because almost all empirical studies (except Fleurbaey et al (2013) and Garcia-Gomez et 2017 al. (2012)) seem implicitly guided by the control view, the authors should explain in what 2018 sense the chosen variables are under the control of the individual. Jusot et al (2013) have 2019 argued that lifestyles in health (diet, exercise) are examples of variables under the control 2020 of the individual, and inequality of opportunity for achieving health status should be 2021 measured with this in mind....
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...Cohen’s (1989) phrase ‘access to advantage’, which he desires to 2014 equalize....
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1,450 citations
"Equality of Opportunity" refers background in this paper
...872 Fleurbaey (2008) represents the idea that persons should be held responsible for 873 their circumstances by various ‘principles of compensation;’ an example would be 874 ‘equal well-being for equal responsibility,’ meaning that if two individuals have the same 875 values of r, their outcomes should be the same (i....
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...First, the authors 1555 test the two principles of “full compensation” and “natural reward” which are at the heart 1556 of Fleurbaey’s approach. (Fleurbaey (1995) and Bossert and Fleurbaey (1996))....
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