ERD facility for analysis of hydrogen and deuterium in solids
TL;DR: In this paper, the elastic recoil detection analysis (ERD) using 1-2 MeV He+ beam has been developed to quantitatively and simultaneously analyze hydrogen and its isotopes in solids.
Abstract: Hydrogen is the lightest element in nature, and so, its detection and quantitative analysis is difficult by the conventional methods utilized for other elements. In the recent years the technique of elastic recoil detection analysis (ERD) using 1–2 MeV He+ beam has been developed to quantitatively and simultaneously analyze hydrogen and its isotopes in solids. Such a facility has been set up using the 2 MeV Van-de-Graaff accelerator at IIT Kanpur. It facilitates H and D analysis in a material up to a depth of ∼ 1µm with a detection sensitivity of 0·1 at.% and depth resolution of about 300 A. The application potential of this setup is illustrated by presenting the results of measurements performed on Al:H:D systems prepared by plasma source ion implantation and highT
c YBCO pellets exposed to humid atmosphere.
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01 Sep 2001-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms
TL;DR: In this paper, Mev He+ ion-induced physico-chemical changes brought into a single crystalline potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) were studied by on-line elastic recoil detection analysis technique at different temperatures.
Abstract: We report on Mev He+ ion-induced physico-chemical changes brought into single crystalline potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP). Fluence-dependent hydrogen concentration has been studied by on-line elastic recoil detection analysis technique at different temperatures. Room temperature measurements show significant hydrogen loss from the samples, while at low temperature, there is no loss of H (at low fluences) or a little loss (at higher fluences). Structural changes studied by micro-Raman measurements also confirm loss of H followed by amorphization of KDP. Hydrogen depletion from KDP has been addressed in terms of basic ion–solid interaction. A phenomenological model has been used which considers ion-induced bond-breaking, diffusion of H radical, formation of H2 molecules and its release.
19 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a diamond-like carbon (DLC) film has been produced using dc glow discharge decomposition of acetylene and information on hydrogen content and its bonding in the films has been obtained using elastic recoil detection analysis, infrared spectroscopy and mass resolved thermal effusion measurements.
10 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported room temperature delamination of chemically vapor deposited diamond films on a Si substrate due to 1.5 MeV He+ ion bombardment, and the threshold fluence at which the delamination takes place has been determined in situ by monitoring the hydrogen signal with the help of elastic recoil detection analysis.
Abstract: We report room temperature delamination of chemically vapor deposited diamond films on a Si substrate due to 1.5 MeV He+ ion bombardment. The delamination of films has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. The threshold fluence at which the delamination takes place has been determined in situ by monitoring the hydrogen signal with the help of elastic recoil detection analysis. Micro Raman measurements show the presence of residual stress (1.19 GPa) in the as-prepared films and its relaxation at the peripheri of the delaminated regions. It is proposed that enhancement of the residual stress during He+ ion bombardment leads to stress saturation conditions which result in the delamination of the brittle diamond films from the film/substrate interface. These findings lead to the possibility of creating ion-beam induced channels in diamond films for device isolation by suitable choice of film/substrate combination.
9 citations
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: Nuclear accelerators have provided revolutionary advances in several disciplines as discussed by the authors, starting with the reputation of atom smashers which demonstrated that atoms are not indivisible they provided facilities to explore nuclear properties.
Abstract: Nuclear accelerators have provided revolutionary advances in several disciplines. Starting with the reputation of atom smashers which demonstrated that atoms are not indivisible they provided facilities to explore nuclear properties. The exploration went from macroworld into femto and beyond with fantastic developments in nuclear accelerator technology. Then came a period where the word nuclear became a serious suspect, and the nomenclature changed from nuclear to particle accelerator. The accelerators continue to accelerate the technology in multi-dimensions. Until sixties, these accelerators were dedicated to research in nuclear and particle physics. Research using beams from particle accelerators has told us almost everything we know about the basic building blocks of matter, and about nature’s fundamental forces. Efforts are now on to recreate conditions that have not occurred since shortly after the Big Bang. Accelerators unravel nature’s deepest mysteries. They are central to the effort to unravel the mysteries of dark matter and dark energy.
7 citations
02 Jul 1999-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported room temperature He+ ion-beam induced hydrogen depletion from a-C:H films having different microstructures and H concentrations, which were deposited on crystalline silicon substrates in a parallel plate dc glow discharge plasma reactor.
Abstract: We report room temperature He+ ion-beam induced hydrogen depletion from a-C:H films having different microstructures and H concentrations. The films were deposited on crystalline silicon substrates in a parallel plate dc glow discharge plasma reactor. Hydrogen contents of the films were measured by elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) technique. The H-depletion data has been explained in terms of a phenomenological model. A strong dependence of H-depletion on the film microstructure and the hydrogen contents, has been observed.
7 citations
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TL;DR: Plasma source ion implantation (PSII) as discussed by the authors is a new ion-implantation technique which has been optimized for surface modification of materials such as metals, plastics, and ceramics.
Abstract: Plasma source ion‐implantation (PSII) is a new ion‐implantation technique which has been optimized for surface modification of materials such as metals, plastics, and ceramics. PSII departs radically from conventional implantationtechnology by circumventing the line‐of‐sight restriction inherent in conventional ion implantation. In PSII, targets to be implanted are placed directly in a plasma source and then pulse biased to a high negative potential. A plasma sheath forms around the target and ions bombard the entire target simultaneously. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated that PSII: (1) efficiently implants ions to concentrations and depths required for surface modification, (2) produces material with improved microhardness and wear properties, and (3) dramatically improves the life of manufacturing tools in actual industrial applications. For example, the tool life of M‐2 pierce punches used to produce holes in mild steel plate has been increased by a factor of 80.
1,054 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for the measurement of the concentration of hydrogen versus depth in solids using the 1H+15N resonant nuclear reaction is discussed, which has a typical depth resolution of 50-100 A, can be used to a depth of several microns, and can measure hydrogen in concentrations of one part per thousand or greater.
Abstract: A method for the measurement of the concentration of hydrogen versus depth in solids using the 1H+15N resonant nuclear reaction is discussed. This method has a typical depth resolution of 50–100 A, can be used to a depth of several microns, and can measure hydrogen in concentrations of one part per thousand or greater.
341 citations
02 Feb 1992-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms
TL;DR: In this article, a program package for ion backscattering data analysis with an interactive graphical interface has been developed, where the assumed target composition is modified directly by pointing at the corresponding signals on the screen.
Abstract: A new personal computer program package for ion backscattering data analysis with an interactive graphical interface has been developed. The assumed target composition is modified directly by pointing at the corresponding signals on the screen. Special attention has been paid to the physics details included. All projectile ions may be treated. A data base of non-Rutherford 1H and 4He scattering cross sections of several light elements, readily extendable by the user, is included. The most recent stopping power formulations are used. Contributions from electronic screening, corrected Bohr straggling and nonlinear detector response are taken into account. A procedure for subtracting the low energy tail background is provided. Smooth variations of elemental composition as a function of sample depth, as needed in diffusion or implantation profile analysis, as well as spectra taken in channeled sample orientations may be assumed. A short review of published computer methods for ion backscattering is included. Examples and applications of the present procedure to the analysis of 4He ion non-Rutherford and 12C ion RBS spectra are presented.
263 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an elastic recoil detection (ERD) analysis technique for profiling 1H in the near surface regions of solids using a 2.5MeV Van de Graaff accelerator commonly used for ion-backscattering analysis is described.
Abstract: We describe an elastic recoil detection (ERD) analysis technique for profiling 1H in the near‐surface regions of solids using a 2.5‐MeV Van de Graaff accelerator commonly used for ion‐backscattering analysis. Energy analysis of 1H forward scattered by 2.4‐MeV 4He incident on the target tilted at an angle of ∼75° yields a depth resolution of ≲700 A and a sensitivity of better than 0.1 at.% for 1H to depths of ≲0.6 μm in solids.
244 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of elastic recoil detection (ERD) is presented, which determines the yield and energy of particles ejected out of the surface region of samples under MeV ion bombardment.
Abstract: In elastic recoil detection (ERD) one determines the yield and energy of particles ejected out of the surface region of samples under MeV ion bombardment. By application of this surface and thin film analysis technique one can obtain quantitative information concerning the depth distribution of light elements in a sample to be analysed. The quantitativity and the depth resolving power are based on knowledge of the recoil cross section and the stopping power of high-energy ions in matter. This paper reviews the fundamentals of this technique and the various experimental methods for recoil identification. Furthermore, important features for material analysis, such as detection limits, depth resolution and elemental range are discussed. Some emphasis is put on the conversion of the spectral contribution of the elements to atomic concentrations in the films for several representative cases. Throughout the review numerous examples are given to illustrate the features of ERD and to demonstrate empirically the accuracy of the quantification method.
137 citations