Essays on Life Itself
Citations
659 citations
Cites background from "Essays on Life Itself"
...Clearly, research tools designed to partition measurements among effects and to reduce effects to causes are inappropriate for the job at hand ( Rosen, 2000 )....
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...It is too often a specious assumption about complexity in nature, especially the complex behavior of living beings ( Rosen, 2000; West & Deering, 1995)....
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459 citations
303 citations
Cites background from "Essays on Life Itself"
...The assumption motivating the principle is that any definition or description of a thing in a collection is suspect – not ‘‘objective’’ – if it relies on the use of the collection itself (Chemero & Turvey, 2007; Rosen, 2000)....
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221 citations
Cites background from "Essays on Life Itself"
...As Figure 1 indicates, in the individual-level perspective the effects of one individual’s actions on another are studied without reference to the information pickup processes integral to these....
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...Such a synergy emerges through the internal circular causality of each individual’s impact on the other (Campbell, 1990) in combination with the actions of the system being influenced by previous (Caporael & Baron, 1997) and future and final (Rosen, 1991, 2000) states of the system....
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...Such an approach recognizes that individuals perceiving and acting together are a synergy (Rosen, 2000, p. 308), an implausibly coherent organism that is composed of diverse individual parts....
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...A social unit or a joint perception–action system should thus be recognized as a “new individual with an identity … and behaviors … of its own” (Rosen, 2000, p. 308) in which the relation of perceiving and acting is truly understood at the scale of the living system (one not constrained to…...
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221 citations
Cites background from "Essays on Life Itself"
...Not every scientific problem yields analytic solutions nor succumbs to conventional reductive analysis (Camazine et al., 2001; Kelso, 1995; Rosen, 1991, 2000; Turvey, 2004; West & Deering, 1995)....
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...Not every scientific problem yields analytic solutions nor succumbs to conventional reductive analysis (Camazine et al., 2001; Kelso, 1995; Rosen, 1991, 2000; Turvey, 2004; West & Deering, 1995)....
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