Estimation of 4C DNA and Karyotype Analysis in Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) -I
25 Jun 1997-Cytologia (Japan Mendel Society, International Society of Cytology)-Vol. 63, Iss: 2, pp 133-139
TL;DR: The structural alteration of chromosomes as well as loss or addition of highly repetitive sequences in the genome showed variation in the DNA amount at cultivar level, but a marginal variation in nuclear DNA content at the cultivarlevel indicated a close relationship between them.
Abstract: Extensive karyotype analysis including determination of somatic chromosome number, total chromosome length and volume and estimation of 4C DNA amount were carried out on 9 different cultivars of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rose.) for the first time. A significant variation in nuclear DNA amount was recorded at the cultivar level. The 4C DNA amount varied from 19.663-24.102 pg in the cultivars studied. The correlation coefficient studies showed that the 4C DNA content and genomic chromosome volume were interdependent. The structural alteration of chromosomes as well as loss or addition of highly repetitive sequences in the genome showed variation in the DNA amount at cultivar level, but a marginal variation in nuclear DNA content at the cultivar level indicated a close relationship between them.
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TL;DR: This paper lists DNA C-values for 807 angiosperm species from 70 original sources, including 520 from sources published after 1996, and 691 for species not included in any of the previous five lists.
391 citations
Cites background from "Estimation of 4C DNA and Karyotype ..."
...Among relationships with reproductive characters, C-value was directly correlated with chiasma frequency in Mammillaria species (Das et al., 1997); and pollen diameter signi®cantly correlated to DNA content for populations of Armeria maritima (Vekemans et al., 1996) `con®rming the relationship…...
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TL;DR: This paper compares various genomic characters between monocots and the remaining angiosperms to discern just how distinctive monocot genomes are, and it is apparent that different monOCot orders follow distinctive modes of genome size and chromosome evolution.
Abstract: Monocot genomic diversity includes striking variation at many levels. This paper compares various genomic characters (e.g., range of chromosome numbers and ploidy levels, occurrence of endopolyploidy, GC content, chromosome packaging and organization, genome size) between monocots and the remaining angiosperms to discern just how distinctive monocot genomes are. One of the most notable features of monocots is their wide range and diversity of genome sizes, including the species with the largest genome so far reported in plants. This genomic character is analysed in greater detail, within a phylogenetic context. By surveying available genome size and chromosome data it is apparent that different monocot orders follow distinctive modes of genome size and chromosome evolution. Further insights into genome size-evolution and dynamics were obtained using statistical modelling approaches to reconstruct the ancestral genome size at key nodes across the monocot phylogenetic tree. Such approaches reveal that while the ancestral genome size of all monocots was small (1C=1.9 pg), there have been several major increases and decreases during monocot evolution. In addition, notable increases in the rates of genome size-evolution were found in Asparagales and Poales compared with other monocot lineages.
73 citations
TL;DR: The high polymorphism documented in the present study indicated that the rice microsatellite primers were useful for genetic diversity studies among genera in the family Zingiberaceae.
Abstract: Species of Zingiberaceae display a diversity in habitat, ethnobotanical use and morphology. However, little is known about the genetic relationships among taxa and genetic diversity, primarily due to the lack of suitable molecular markers. We tested the cross-amplification potential of microsatellite markers among taxa to identify a larger number of genetic markers. To assess the applicability of rice microsatellite markers to the Zingiberaceae, we tested 12 microsatellite markers for 14 genotypes from three genera of this family: Zingiber, Alpinia and Curcuma. The origin of the genotypes was diverse, covering eight Asian countries. Four microsatellite primer sets failed to amplify fragments in all genotypes studied, whereas the other primer sets amplified all the genotypes. Among the 141 bands, that could be scored, 140 (99.5%) were polymorphic. On the average, each microsatellite primer set amplified 17.6 DNA fragments. In general, amplified fragments were larger than the original rice fragments including the microsatellite region, although in some cases, the amplified bands were similar in size. Though sequence analysis of these bands confirmed the absence of target repeat motif, amplification of a large number of polymorphic bands provided the basis to perform an analysis of genetic diversity. Primers could generate enough polymorphism for possible use in diversity studies, based on provisional multivariate analyses such as cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). The whole set of genotypes based on molecular data was classified into four clusters after cluster analysis. Genotypes from the Curcuma and Alpinia genera were grouped into clusters I and II, respectively. Clusters III and IV comprised genotypes from the genus Zingiber. PCA led to a similar classification. The high polymorphism documented in the present study indicated that the rice microsatellite primers were useful for genetic diversity studies among genera in the family Zingiberaceae.
50 citations
TL;DR: Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers are used to estimate interspecific variation among mangrove and non-mangrove Heritiera fomes, H. littoralis and H. macrophylla to find characteristic molecular markers in H. Macrophylla, a species from a non-reproductive habitat.
17 citations
Book Chapter•
15 Jan 2008
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References
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TL;DR: At the present time, with the immense increase in research activity in mammalian cytology, the terminology of the centromeric position has become burdened by much obscurity and confusion.
Abstract: N the inorphologic identification of chromosomes, the location of the I centromere is the most useful landmark, and one which is characterized by great constancy. It would seem that not much could be added to the definitions by E. B. WILSON (1928) of the locations on the chromosome of the centrornere or, in the terminology of that time, the spindle attachment: “Attachment of the chromosome to the spindle is commonly limited to a small area, and is of two general types, namely: (1) terminnl or telomitic and (2) non-ferminal or atelomitic, being in the former case at one end, and in the latter at some other point or points. Non-terminal attachment may be at the middle point (median) or at an intermediate point (submedian, sub-terminal). All gradations exist between these various cases;” (I.c., p. 130-131). In the acconipanying picture (l.c., Fig. 56, p. 132), here reprinted as Fig. l., the four locations of median, submedian, subterminal and terminal are represented, and, in addition, “lateral”, which corresponds to the modern term “diffuse centromere”. Nevertheless, at the present time, with the immense increase in research activity in mammalian cytology, the terminology of the centromeric position has become burdened by much obscurity and confusion. One cause of confusion is that different authors, and even the same author on different occasions, have used the terms median, submedian etc. with great amplitude, and it is often difficult to know in a specific case what each term signifies. Another cause of confusion is that a set of terms for chromosomes with specific centromeric positions, such as metacentric, acrocentric, telocentric, have come into wide usage without being clearly defined in relation to the positional terms median, submedian, subterminal and terminal. During the spring of 1963 the present writers exchanged epistolary
5,352 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1973
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the concept of biostatistics and introduce the Biostatistic Approach to Biometrics (BAPB) as a method for biometrics.
Abstract: Introduction to Biostatistics , Introduction to Biostatistics , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
1,874 citations
TL;DR: This paper contains a supplementary list of absolute DNA values, including estimates for 240 angiosperm species not listed by Bennett & Smith in 1976, as well as additional estimates for 41 species already listed by them.
Abstract: Nuclear DNA amounts have been estimated for more than 200 angiosperm species since the last collected list of such values for about 750 species was published by Bennett & Smith in 1976 (Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 274, 227-274). These new estimates are either scattered in a wide range of scientific journals or, in many cases, unpublished; so they are not readily accessible. A publication, collecting these data in a single list is required. This paper contains a supplementary list of absolute DNA values, including estimates for 240 angiosperm species not listed by Bennett & Smith in 1976, as well as additional estimates for 41 species already listed by them. These data are assembled primarily for reference purposes. Consequently, the species are listed in alphabetical order, as this was felt to be more helpful to cyto- and biochemists, who it is anticipated will be among the major users.
903 citations
Book•
01 Oct 1959
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report critical values (to four significant figures) which have been found by inverse interpolation in the new table of the probability integral of the studentized range.
Abstract: Abstract : The purpose of this paper is to report critical values (to four significant figures) which have been found by inverse interpolation in the new table of the probability integral of the studentized range. Included are corrected tables for significance levels alpha = 0.05, 0.1 and new tables for significance levels alpha = 0.10, 0.005, 0.001-all with sample sizes n = 2(1) 20(2)40(10)100 and degrees of freedom nu = 1(1)20, 24, 30, 60, 120, infinity.
614 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report critical values (to four significant figures) which have been found by inverse interpolation in the new table of the probability integral of the studentized range.
Abstract: : The purpose of this paper is to report critical values (to four significant figures) which have been found by inverse interpolation in the new table of the probability integral of the studentized range. Included are corrected tables for significance levels alpha = 0.05, 0.1 and new tables for significance levels alpha = 0.10, 0.005, 0.001-all with sample sizes n = 2(1) 20(2)40(10)100 and degrees of freedom nu = 1(1)20, 24, 30, 60, 120, infinity.
579 citations