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Estimation of human body surface area from height and weight

01 Aug 1970-Vol. 54, Iss: 4, pp 225-235
TL;DR: A tubular member such as a cartridge which is filled with a material that, upon heating, changes its state from liquid to solid is flocked to enhance heat transfer from the Tubular member to hair rolled around the tubular members.
Abstract: A tubular member such as a cartridge which is filled with a material that, upon heating, changes its state from liquid to solid (such as wax) is flocked to enhance heat transfer from the tubular member to hair rolled around the tubular member. Top and bottom snap-on flanged ends of low heat conducting material are connected to the tubular cartridge by a base means having a base portion and base sides. The sides include a plurality of locking means comprised of radial protrusions or a locking portion having a camming surface, a locking lip, and a locking surface, the radial protrusions or locking portions for communication with a groove in the tubular cartridge. Venting is provided in each base portion to promote heat dissipation from the flanged ends. An aperture is provided in the bottom flanged end base portion in registry with an aperture in the tubular cartridge for receiving a means for heating the roller. Crushing ribs may be provided on each base side to contact the flocked tubular cartridge to prevent axial rotation between the flanged ends and the tubular member. Alternatively, the tubular member may be a high heat conducting tubular material having convex protrusions which mate with concave indentations in the base sides. Spacing projections to space the tubular member from the base portion of the flanged ends may be alternatively employed.
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01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: This report presents detailed information on age- and gender-related differences in the anatomical and physiological characteristics of reference individuals to provide needed input to prospective dosimetry calculations for radiation protection purposes for both workers and members of the general public.
Abstract: Preface Abstract 1. Basis of ICRP Reference Values 2. Summary of Reference Values 3. Embryo and Fetus 4. Total Body 5. Respiratory System 6. Alimentary System 7. Circulatory and Lymphatic Systems 8. Urogenital System 9. Skeletal System 10. Integumentary System 11. Additional Organs and Tissues 12. Pregnant Woman: Anatomical and Physiological Changes 13. Elemental Composition of the Body Reference

1,741 citations


Cites background from "Estimation of human body surface ar..."

  • ...(79) Several authors have developed formulae to estimate the surface area of the body (Dubois and Dubois, 1916; Boyd, 1935; Gehan and George, 1970; Haycock et al., 1978; Lentner, 1984)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The reference values provided needed input to prospective dosimetry calculations for radiation protection purposes for both workers and members of the general public as mentioned in this paper, and the reference values were used for both male and female subjects of six different ages: newborn, 1 year, 5 years, 10 years, 15 years, and adult.
Abstract: This report presents detailed information on age- and gender-related differences in the anatomical and physiological characteristics of reference individuals. These reference values provide needed input to prospective dosimetry calculations for radiation protection purposes for both workers and members of the general public. The purpose of this report is to consolidate and unify in one publication, important new information on reference anatomical and physiological values that has become available since Publication 23 was published by the ICRP in 1975. There are two aspects of this work. The first is to revise and extend the information in Publication 23 as appropriate. The second is to provide additional information on individual variation among grossly normal individuals resulting from differences in age, gender, race, or other factors. This publication collects, unifies, and expands the updated ICRP reference values for the purpose of providing a comprehensive and consistent set of age- and gender-specific reference values for anatomical and physiological features of the human body pertinent to radiation dosimetry. The reference values given in this report are based on: (a) anatomical and physiological information not published before by the ICRP; (b) recent ICRP publications containing reference value information; and (c) information in Publication 23 that is still considered valid and appropriate for radiation protection purposes. Moving from the past emphasis on ‘Reference Man’, the new report presents a series of reference values for both male and female subjects of six different ages: newborn, 1 year, 5 years, 10 years, 15 years, and adult. In selecting reference values, the Commission has used data on Western Europeans and North Americans because these populations have been well studied with respect to antomy, body composition, and physiology. When appropriate, comparisons are made between the chosen reference values and data from several Asian populations. The first section of the report provides summary tables of all the anatomical and physiological parameters given as reference values in this publication. These results give a comprehensive view of reference values for an individual as influenced by age and gender. The second section describes characteristics of dosimetric importance for the embryo and fetus. Information is provided on the development of the total body and the timing of appearance and development of the various organ systems. Reference values are provided on the mass of the total body and selected organs and tissues, as well as a number of physiological parameters. The third section deals with reference values of important anatomical and physiological characteristics of reference individuals from birth to adulthood. This section begins with details on the growth and composition of the total body in males and females. It then describes and quantifies anatomical and physiological characteristics of various organ systems and changes in these characteristics during growth, maturity, and pregnancy. Reference values are specified for characteristics of dosimetric importance. The final section gives a brief summary of the elemental composition of individuals. Focusing on the elements of dosimetric importance, information is presented on the body content of 13 elements: calcium, carbon, chloride, hydrogen, iodine, iron, magnesium, nitrogen, oxygen, potassium, sodium, sulphur, and phosphorus.

1,169 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recommendations for vitamins,minerals and trace elementsadministration in maintenancehaemodialysis patients and other interventions: daily dialysis, oral supplements and enteral feeding.
Abstract: Guideline 1. Prevalence of malnutrition and outcomeGuideline 2. Diagnosis and monitoring of malnutrition2.1. Diagnosis of malnutrition2.2. Monitoring and follow-up of nutritionalstatusGuideline 3. Recommendations for protein and energyintake3.1. Recommended protein intake3.2. Recommended energy intakeRecommendation 4. Recommendations for vitamins,minerals and trace elementsadministration in maintenancehaemodialysis patients.4.1. Vitamins4.2. Minerals4.3. Trace elementsGuideline 5. Treatment of malnutrition5.1. Dietary intervention5.2. Oral supplements and enteral feeding5.3. Intradialytic parenteral nutrition5.4. Anabolic agents5.5. Other interventions: daily dialysisGuideline 6. Metabolic acidosisAppendices

624 citations

01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: The outcomes of CAD surgical treatment were improved in this group of patients due to the implementation of a mul-assisted revascularization of coronary and non-coronary arteries.
Abstract: Results. The incidence rate of significant non-cardiac occlusive stenotic lesions in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), who had to undergo CABG, was 15,84 %. Simultaneous revascularization of coronary and non-coronary arteries was performed in 2,46 % of patients with CAD and PolyVD and multi-stage surgical proced ures were chosen in other cases. Conclusions. The outcomes of CAD surgical treatment were improved in this group of patients due to the implementation of a mul-

506 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis was characterized of a self-selected sample of sexually abused and control girls recruited from a prospective longitudinal study to characterized the biological manifestations and sequelae of childhood sexual abuse.
Abstract: Childhood sexual abuse is associated with an increased incidence of age-concurrent and adult psychopathology. Little is known, however, about the biological manifestations and sequelae of childhood sexual abuse. In this study, we characterized the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of a self-selected sample of sexually abused and control girls recruited from a prospective longitudinal study. Plasma ACTH and total and free cortisol responses to ovine CRH (oCRH) stimulation were measured in 13 sexually abused and 13 control girls, aged 7-15 yr. Psychiatric profiles and 24-h urinary free cortisol (UFC) measures were also obtained. Sexually abused girls had a greater incidence of suicidal ideation (chi 2 = 4.51; df = 1; P < 0.05), suicide attempts (chi 2 = 4.51; df = 1; P < 0.05), and dysthymia (chi 2 = 8.85; df = 1; P < 0.01) than control girls. Sexually abused girls showed significantly lower basal (t = 2.1; df = 24; P < 0.05), and net oCRH stimulated (t = 2.2; df = 24; P < 0.05) ACTH levels and significan...

483 citations