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Estimation of Recreation Value and Determining the Factors Effective in Visitors' WTP for Saint Stepanus Church Using the Heckman Two -stage and CV Methods

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study the recreation value of the Saint Stepanus Church, one of the famous churches on the north-west of Iran, located on the edge of Aras River and find that 68% of the visitors were willing to pay money for visiting the church.
Abstract: Tourism with its special characteristics is considered as a dynamic industry with a shining future. Investment is continuously increasing in this industry in touristic countries. Tourism potentially income creating tool for historical countries such as Iran providing that there is a comprehensive and foresighted regulation and planning for such attractions. Aiming at helping the proper planning in this field, the current research studies recreation value of Saint Stepanus Church, one of the famous churches on the north-west of Iran, located on the edge of Aras River. Estimating the recreation value of this church can be effective in foreseeing the needs, eliminating the shortages and developing the tourism in the region. The main aims of this article are separation of influential factors on visitors' willingness to pay (WTP) for Saint Stepanus Church visiting costs using Heckman two-stage Method and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). Required data was gathered through questionnaires and face-to-face interviews with 317 visitors of the church. Results showed that 68% of the visitors were willing to pay money for visiting the church. Variables of income, education levels, family size and the dummy variable of sexuality were effective in visitors' WTP for visiting and variables of income, family size, education level, age and the service satisfaction rate of visitors were effective in the rates of WTP. The average of WTP, using the CVM and Heckman method were estimated at 4034 and 4800 rials and the annual recreation value was estimated at about 322 and 384 million rials, respectively.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the factors affecting the willingness of tourists to visit the cultural heritage sites (CHS) located in the Northern Badia of Jordan, and estimated expenditures for their visit to the CHS.
Abstract: This study examined the factors affecting the willingness of tourists to visit the cultural heritage sites (CHS) located in the Northern Badia of Jordan, and estimated expenditures for their visit to the CHS. A questionnaire was developed to collect demographic and economic information about tourists during their visit to Jordan. Three hundred tourists were included in the survey at nine different sites during the summer of 2010. A logistic regression model was employed in the analyses. Factors that affected tourism at CHS included: education, variety of sites, multiple destinations, cost, and reasons for the visit. These factors had a significant impact on tourists' willingness to travel to CHS in the Northern Badia. This study recommends improving CHS and working closely with local communities to expand training and funding.

58 citations


Cites background from "Estimation of Recreation Value and ..."

  • ...Several key determinants were developed in the previous literature to study tourist behavior, including socioeconomic indicators such as education, age, income, marital status, family size, and visitor satisfaction (Khodaverdizadeh & Kelas, 2009; Lee, Lee, & Mjelde, 2009)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a study was conducted to estimate the consumers' responsiveness to an increase in prices of the indigenous chicken products and how much they are willing to pay for them in the market.

48 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the determinants of willingness to pay (WTP) of Bhitarakanika National Park (BNP), Odisha in India were examined using multiple regression model to determine the WTP for entrance fee at BNP.
Abstract: This paper examine the determinants of willingness to pay (WTP) of Bhitarakanika National Park (BNP), Odisha in India. Primary data has been collected from the visitors through survey method. We used multiple regression model to determine the WTP for entrance fee at BNP. The estimated results concluded that, income, age, day spent, marital status and travel cost have positively significant relationship with WTP whereas, gender is negatively affecting to WTP. From the policy perspective, we are suggesting to raise the entrance fee from Rs.20 to Rs. 40 which can raise the park revenue of BNP.

7 citations

01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this paper, the conservation value of pastureland in Fars Province, southern Iran was estimated using the CVM method and the average willingness to pay by individuals and families were 6357.7 rial and 609.6 rial, respectively.
Abstract: The present study aims to estimate the conservation value of pastureland in Fars Province, southern Iran. For this purpose, the CVM method was applied to data collected from a sample of 200 pasture users randomly selected in the region and individuals' willingness to pay for using pastureland and conservation areas was calculated. The average willingness to pay by individuals and families were 6357.7 rial and 609.6 rial, respectively. Although Iran is a developing country and people have low to moderate annual income, the result of the study shows that 80.5% of the respondents are willing to pay for conservation the pastureland. Also the result shows that local farmers and ranchers are willing to pay more. The result of the study shows that local people are aware of the importance of this area and willing to do enough to protect it. JEL classification: Q25,Q51

3 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...Then, with the use of numerical integral in limit of zero to the highest offer (A) the expected values of WTP is accounted (Lee and Mojalled, 2007): dAAdAUFE MaxAMaxA 0 *0 exp1 1WTP (13) Where E (WTP) is expected value of WTP and * is adjusted intercept modified by adding socio- economic counterpart to the primarily intercept (Martinez and ML 2011, Peron, Ismaili, 2010, KhodaverdiZadeh et al 2009, Keane et al. 2007)....

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  • ...…2007): dAAdAUFE MaxAMaxA 0 *0 exp1 1WTP (13) Where E (WTP) is expected value of WTP and * is adjusted intercept modified by adding socio- economic counterpart to the primarily intercept (Martinez and ML 2011, Peron, Ismaili, 2010, KhodaverdiZadeh et al 2009, Keane et al. 2007)....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an application of survey based on contingent valuation method for valuation of the non-use benefits of improvement in ecosystem services through Misi Rural Development Project (MRDP), which is integrated with environmental considerations, in Bursa-Turkey.

67 citations


"Estimation of Recreation Value and ..." refers background in this paper

  • ...[11] calculated protective value of habitat of Garon River Bank in France to be as 67, 66, 13 and FF133, respectively....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a contingent valuation study of willingness to pay for cleaning Lincoln Cathedral was carried out and it was found that household willingness for cleaning is best predicted by disposable income and a variable indicating distance from the site.
Abstract: This paper summarises a contingent valuation study of willingness to pay forcleaning Lincoln Cathedral. A randomsample of the inhabitants of the city of Lincoln and the surrounding area wasquestioned as to their willingness topay for a change in the frequency of a hypothetical cleaning cycle from 40years to 10 years. This change wasillustrated by photographs which showed the same aspects of the Cathedralhalf-way through the two cleaning cycles.Individuals were also asked questions regarding their attitudes towards airpollution in general and its impact on theCathedral in particular. It was found that household willingness to pay isbest predicted by disposable income anda variable indicating distance from the site. Estimates of mean willingnessto pay range from £ 15 to £ 23 perhousehold per annum for those living Lincolnshire. Aggregating these valuesover the number of households inLincolnshire suggests that the annual damage inflicted by air pollution on theappearance of the building so far assoiling is concerned is valued between £ 0.4 m and £ 0.6 m.Different solutions to the problem of starting point biaswere explored and are shown to yield similar estimates of willingness to pay.

65 citations


"Estimation of Recreation Value and ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...Elasticity of the k (Xk) descriptive variable in logit model can be calculated using the relation 6 [24]:...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assess the amount individuals voluntarily contribute when visiting a cathedral where no charge is made for entry and estimate the maximum individuals would be willing to pay if an entry charge was imposed, the changes in visit rates which would ensue at different price levels and the maximum revenue the Cathedral could be expected to collect by charging an entry fee.
Abstract: This study assesses the amount individuals voluntarily contribute when visiting a Cathedral where no charge is made for entry. Contingent valuation methods are used to estimate the maximum individuals would be willing to pay if an entry charge was imposed, the changes in visit rates which would ensue at different price levels and the maximum revenue the Cathedral could be expected to collect by charging an entry fee.

63 citations


"Estimation of Recreation Value and ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...However, taking the advantages of CVM, Double-bounded Dichotomous Choice (DDC) was used to measure the amount of WTP of visitors, the method offered by Hanman and Carson [34], by correction and justification of double-bounded dichotomous choice (DDC)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article found that households are willing to pay about $35 in a one-time increase in state taxes to maintain shipwrecks in their pristine state, but the double-bounded willingness to pay questions are not incentive compatible and are subject to starting point bias.
Abstract: Many consider salvage value and tourism expenditures as the only economic values of a historic shipwreck. This paper looks at one alternative, the non-market value generated by management of shipwrecks as submerged maritime cultural resources. We consider the question: How much are people willing to pay to maintain shipwrecks in their pristine state? The contingent valuation method was implemented during summer 2001 as part of a telephone survey to households in eastern North Carolina. We find that households are willing to pay about $35 in a one-time increase in state taxes. Willingness to pay is internally validated by expected relationships with prices and income but fails to pass the scope test. We speculate that we inadvertently succumbed to the well-known "birds" problem. The double-bounded willingness to pay questions are not incentive compatible and are subject to starting point bias, despite efforts to minimize these effects.

59 citations


"Estimation of Recreation Value and ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...The sample size was obtained through Cochran formula and pre test [33]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, empirical maximum likelihood (ML) and weighted least squares (WLS) estimates of socioeconomic factors influencing the demand for private veterinary services in the high potential agricultural areas of Kenya are derived using probit analysis.

45 citations


"Estimation of Recreation Value and ..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...λi is inverse of Mill’s Ratio and calculated using the relation 9 [30]: i i...

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