Estrogen treatment and periodontal disease progression: an experimental study in ovariectomized rats
TL;DR: Investigation of different periods of estrogen replacement therapy onset on the progression of experimental periodontitis in ovariectomized rats indicated that estrogen-deficient state may not have a direct effect on the alveolar bone adjacent to the maxillary second molar roots.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate different periods of estrogen replacement therapy onset on the progression of experimental periodontitis in ovariectomized rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty five female Wistar rats were ovariectomized and divided into two groups, experimental and control that received 17s estradiol or vehicle, respectively. Each group was subdivided into five subgroups that started the treatment immediately, one, two, three and four weeks after the ovariectomy. A month after ovariectomy, a cotton ligature was placed around the maxillary second molars. Thirty five days after ligature placement, the animals were killed. It was analyzed the macroscopic, radiographic, microscopic and histometric aspects of the periodontal area. RESULTS: The results indicated that estrogen-deficient state may not have a direct effect on the alveolar bone adjacent to the maxillary second molar roots. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of this experiment, estrogen replacement therapy did not delay the progression of induced periodontitis. KEYWORDS: Estradiol; osteoporosis, ovariectomy; periodontal diseases.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed chronic alcohol consumption influence on induced periodontitis in rats presenting estrogen deficiency, and concluded that the association between estrogen deficiency and 20% ethanol was just relevant for sites without periodontal disease induction, since it induces stronger severity in the inflammatory process in the presence of the inflammatory cells scattered in the conjunctive tissue and of the disorientation of periodont ligament fibers.
Abstract: The immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. The host may modulate periodontal inflammatory reactions and it determines variances in the individual susceptibility and in the periodontal disease progression speed. Osteoporosis and alcoholism are described as risk indicators of periodontal disease among the systemic acquired factors. Objective: The current study aims to analyze chronic alcohol consumption influence on induced periodontitis in rats presenting estrogen deficiency. Material and Methods: Sixty rats approximately 90 days old were used in the experiment; they were divided into two groups: correlated surgery (OVZ) or surgical ovariectomy simulation (SHAM). Each group was divided into three subgroups: (C) control diet, (A) ethanol containing 20% liquid diet and (I) par-fed control diet. Thirty days after castration the diet and the experimental periodontitis induction were kept for 56 days. Interproximal regions between the first and the second lower left molar and the respective contralateral site without periodontal disease induction were assessed for inflammatory features. Results: Hormone deficiency resulted in important inflammatory changes concerning the meaning of SHAM-C and OVZ-C. The ethanol diet has resulted in inflammatory changes to both groups SHAM-A and OVZ-A in the absence of periodontitis, with also greater severity when combined with ovariectomy. Conclusion: It was concluded that the association between estrogen deficiency and 20% ethanol was just relevant for sites without periodontitis disease induction, since it induces stronger severity in the inflammatory process in the presence of the inflammatory cells scattered in the conjunctive tissue and of the disorientation of periodontal ligament fibers. Keywords Alcoholism; Osteoporosis; Ovariectomy; Periodontal disease.
2 citations
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: It was concluded that the association between estrogen deficiency and 20% ethanol was just relevant for sites without periodontitis disease induction, since it induces stronger severity in the inflammatory process in the presence of the inflammatory cells scattered in the conjunctive tissue and of the disorientation of periodontal ligament fibers.
Abstract: The immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.The host may modulate periodontal inflammatory reactions and it determines variances in the individual susceptibility and in the periodontal disease progression speed. Osteoporosis and alcoholism are described as risk indicators of periodontal disease among the systemic acquired factors. Objective: The current study aims to analyze chronic alcohol consumption influence on induced periodontitis in rats presenting estrogen deficiency. Material and Methods: Sixty rats approximately 90 days old were used in the experiment; they were divided into two groups: correlated surgery (OVZ) or surgical ovariectomy simulation (SHAM). Each group was divided into three subgroups: (C) control diet, (A) ethanol containing 20% liquid diet and (I) par-fed control diet. Thirty days after castration the diet and the experimental periodontitis induction were kept for 56 days. Interproximal regions between the first and the second lower left molar and the respective contralateral site without periodontal disease induction were assessed for inflammatory features. Results: Hormone deficiency resulted in important inflammatory changes concerning the meaning of SHAM-C and OVZ-C. The ethanol diet has resulted in inflammatory changes to both groupsSHAM-A and OVZ-A in the absence of periodontitis, with also greater severity when combined with ovariectomy. Conclusion: It was concluded that the association between estrogen deficiency and 20% ethanol was just relevant for sites without periodontitis disease induction, since it induces stronger severity in the inflammatory process in the presence of the
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that long-term estrogen deficiency affects ligature-induced alveolar bone loss in rats, and a significant increase in bone loss was observed when ligation occurred 90 days after ovariectomy compared with the sham group.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to morphometrically evaluate the influence of different durations of ovariectomy-induced estrogen deficiency on alveolar bone loss associated with ligature-induced bone loss in rats. Sixty female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to ovariectomy (OVX test group) or sham operation (SHAM control group). The OVX and SHAM groups were each distributed into three subgroups of ten rats each according to the duration of estrogen deficiency (30, 60 and 90 postoperative days). In all groups, for the last 30 days of the experimental period, cotton ligatures were placed around the cervix of the right upper second molar; the contralateral tooth was left unligated to serve as a control. The maxillary bones were removed, and the alveolar bone loss was analyzed by measuring the distance between the cementoenamel junction and the alveolar bone crest at the buccal site of the right upper second molar. A comparison between the ligated and unligated groups verified the presence of ligature-induced alveolar bone loss (p 0.05). A significant increase in bone loss was observed when ligation occurred 90 days after ovariectomy compared with the sham group (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that long-term estrogen deficiency affects ligature-induced alveolar bone loss.
16 citations
"Estrogen treatment and periodontal ..." refers background in this paper
...However the contribution of osteoporosis to tooth loss is difficult to demonstrate because teeth can be lost for several reasons other than the loss of bone support [26]....
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...[26] observed that increased bone loss was only observed when the ligature was applied after 90 days of estrogen deficiency....
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...The wide divergence in the literature may be related to several factors such as the sample used, the method of analysis, the region, nutritional status, the time of analysis and the association with other drugs [2,14,18,26-30]....
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TL;DR: Bone turnover was increased by ovariectomy (OVX) as reflected by increased static parameters of bone formation and resorption, and Cancellous bone volume in the post-OVX group decreased more than that in the control group.
15 citations
"Estrogen treatment and periodontal ..." refers background in this paper
...Since osteoporotic changes have been observed in oral bone [2-7], and loss of alveolar bone is a prominent feature in periodontal diseases, osteoporosis may play a significant role in the progression of periodontal disease....
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: Results show that loss of bone mass in the edentulous mandible of OVX animals is similar to that occurring in the tibiae and femorae, while lack of a significant effect of OBMD and cancellous bone volume of the dentate mandibles suggests that functional loading related to biting force prevented bone loss in the Dentate mandible.
Abstract: We investigated the effect of ovariectomy (OVX) on bone changes in the edentulous and dentate mandibles and compared these to changes in tibiae and femorae using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and histomorphometric measurements. One hundred and fifteen female rats had their molars and the incisor on one side of the mandible extracted at six months of age and allowed to heal for 4 months. At 10 months of age, animals were divided into an experimental group, which underwent bilateral ovariectomy, and a control group of intact animals. Sixteen OVX and sixteen control animals were sacrificed at 6-weeks, and at 6- and 9-months post-OVX. In addition 12 animals were sacrificed at the time of OVX to act as an internal control group. Bone mineral density measurements (BMD) using DEXA and bone volume measurements on undecalcified sections evaluated under backscattered electron microscopy were investigated in the edentulous and dentate mandibles as well as in tibiae and femorae. At 6-weeks post-OVX, there were no significant differences between the edentulous mandibles, dentate mandibles, tibiae and femorae of OVX and control groups. At 6 months post-OVX, BMD and cancellous bone volume were significantly decreased in the edentulous mandibles (-15.9%; -21.8%), proximal tibiae (-15.6%; -38.5%) and proximalfemorae (-9.7%; -39.6%) of OVX group as compared to the control group. At 9 months post-OVX, BMD and cancellous bone volume were further decreased in the edentulous mandibles (-17.2%; -24%), proximal tibiae (-16.1%; -58.9%) and proximal femorae (-10.3%; -49.9%) of the OVX group as compared to the control group. On the other hand, OVX had no effect on the BMD and cancellous bone volume of the dentate mandibles at 6-weeks and at 6- and 9-months post-OVX. These results show that loss of bone mass in the edentulous mandible of OVX animals is similar to that occurring in the tibiae and femorae, while lack of a significant effect of OVX on bone mass in the dentate mandible suggests that functional loading related to biting force prevented bone loss in the dentate mandible.
5 citations
"Estrogen treatment and periodontal ..." refers background in this paper
...Elsubeihi and Heersche [14] investigated the effect of ovariectomized rats at bone changes in edentulous and dentate mandibles and compared these to changes in tibiae and femorae....
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...The wide divergence in the literature may be related to several factors such as the sample used, the method of analysis, the region, nutritional status, the time of analysis and the association with other drugs [2,14,18,26-30]....
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...Shoji K, Elsubeihi ES, Heersche JNM. Effects of ovariectomy on turnover of alveolar bone in the healed extraction socket in rat edentulous mandible....
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TL;DR: Patients should follow the current recommendations for calcium and vitamin D intakes to ensure overall health and await more evidence of the clinical significance of systemic bone loss density in contributing to the loss of oral bone and teeth.
Abstract: A majority of elderly persons have lost one or more teeth, a condition that adversely affects the ability to maintain an adequate nutritional intake. Presence of a systemic disease, such as osteoporosis, is one of several factors thought to lead to tooth loss in older adults. Many studies with elderly populations have shown associations between low bone mineral density and number of missing teeth, increased levels of alveolar bone loss, and clinical measures of periodontal disease. However, the clinical significance of systemic bone loss density in contributing to the loss of oral bone and teeth is unknown. Future studies will determine if nutritional interventions could play a role in preventing tooth loss. Until there is more evidence, patients should follow the current recommendations for calcium and vitamin D intakes to ensure overall health.
5 citations
"Estrogen treatment and periodontal ..." refers background in this paper
...In studies of elderly women, estrogen replacement therapy use is consistently associated with greater tooth retention and a reduced likelihood of edentulism [15]....
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