Estrogenic Activities of 517 Chemicals by Yeast Two-Hybrid Assay
01 Aug 2000-Journal of Health Science (The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan)-Vol. 46, Iss: 4, pp 282-298
TL;DR: A simple and rapid screening method using the yeast two-hybrid system based on the ligand-dependent interaction of nuclear hormone receptors with coactivators to test the estrogenic activity of chemicals.
Abstract: One of the urgent tasks in understanding endocrine disruptors (EDs) is to compile a list of suspected substances among the huge number of chemicals by using the screening test method. We developed a simple and rapid screening method using the yeast two-hybrid system based on the ligand-dependent interaction of nuclear hormone receptors with coactivators. To date, we have tested the estrogenic activity of more than 500 chemicals including natural substances, medicines, pesticides, and industrial chemicals. 64 compounds were evaluated as positive, and most of these demonstrated a common structure; phenol with a hydrophobic moiety at the para-position without bulky groups at the ortho-position. These results are expected to facilitate further risk assessment of chemicals.
Citations
More filters
Research Institute for Fragrance Materials1, Columbia University Medical Center2, Malmö University3, Virginia Tech College of Natural Resources and Environment4, Fraunhofer Society5, University of São Paulo6, University of Würzburg7, Oregon Health & Science University8, Vanderbilt University9, University of Pennsylvania10, University of Tennessee11, University of Arizona12, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine13
4 citations
TL;DR: The leachability, potential ecotoxicity, and photolysis of trifluralin-impregnated mulch, a popular retail consumer gardening product, were investigated under environmentally realistic conditions and the potential for direct ecotoxic impact is likely to be small.
Abstract: The leachability, potential ecotoxicity, and photolysis of trifluralin-impregnated mulch, a popular retail consumer gardening product, were investigated under environmentally realistic conditions. Leachability of trifluralin from impregnated mulch was low (< 1% of total extractable compound) and in the range of reported values for agricultural soils. No trifluralin transformation products were detected in mulch leachate. Yeast-based estrogenicity and androgenicity screens indicated that aqueous trifluralin is not estrogenic but is moderately androgenic at concentrations ~ 1e - 5 M. Impregnated mulch leachate was not hormonally active, even at undiluted concentrations, but it did exert nonspecific toxicity at dilutions of ~ 1:10. Photolysis of trifluralin was investigated in acetonitrile and water and on mulch surfaces. Degradation on mulch surfaces was diffusion-limited; it was ~ 17 times slower than in aqueous solution, but faster than has been reported on kaolinite. An array of trifluralin transformation products was identified, but in no case did they exceed 10% of the parent compound. Using industry-recommended application guidelines, it is estimated that as much as 1400 μg/m2 of trifluralin may leach from impregnated mulch upon the first rainfall. However, provided that consumers are aware that such mulch products contain trifluralin and are properly educated about its use, the potential for direct ecotoxic impact is likely to be small.
4 citations
Cites result from "Estrogenic Activities of 517 Chemic..."
...The estrogenic activity of trifluralin has been evaluated using similar yeast assays and found not to exhibit a response (Nishihara et al. 2000; Jung et al. 2004; Orton et al. 2009), although the EC20 measured in this study is slightly above the limit at which those previous studies were conducted....
[...]
01 Jan 2007
TL;DR: A survey study for estrogens, nonylphenol (NP) and its precursors (nonyl phenol ethoxylates and nonylphenol ethoxy acetates) was conducted for water and sediment of the Kamo River and its inflow waterways as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A survey study for estrogens, nonylphenol (NP) and its precursors (nonylphenol ethoxylates and nonylphenol ethoxy acetates) was conducted for water and sediment of the Kamo River and its inflow waterways. 17β-estradiol (β-E2), estrone (E1) and 17α-estradiol were detected in river water and sediment up to the levels near their highest concentrations detected in the nationwide surveys. β-E2 concentration in water at almost all sampling sites was higher in winter and spring and lower in summer and autumn, suggesting more active decomposition of β-E2 by microorganisms at high water temperature. E1 showed the largest contribution to estrogenic activity of water among the examined compounds. However, NP accounted for a large part in estrogenic activity of sediment. The average emission loads of β-E2 and E1 estimated in the Kamo River basin were 12 and 75 nmol/cap/day, respectively. These values corresponded to a comparatively high amount estimated in the effluents from sewage treatment plants.
3 citations
TL;DR: Zhang et al. as mentioned in this paper derived the ERα, ERβ binding and AR anti-androgenic effects of PAE exposure on female reproduction, according to the daily exposure method and adverse cumulative effects.
3 citations
References
More filters
Book•
[...]
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: The cause of disruptions in animal breeding cycles, accompanied by increases in birth defects, sexual abnormalities and reproductive failure, is traced to the pervasive presence in the environment of chemicals that mimic hormones and trick the reproductive system.
Abstract: For years, scientists have noticed disruptions in animal breeding cycles, accompanied by increases in birth defects, sexual abnormalities and reproductive failure. Humans are not immune either, with sperm counts dropping by as much as 50% in recent decades and with women seeing a rise in hormone-related cancers, endometriosis and other disorders. This book traces the cause of these aberrations and diseases to the pervasive presence in the environment of chemicals that mimic hormones and trick the reproductive system. The conclusions are as obvious as they are inescapable - unless we make vital changes in the way we manufacture and employ the artefacts of our "good life", there will be no life at all.
917 citations