Open Access
Ethereum: A Secure Decentralised Generalised Transaction Ledger
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TLDR
Ethereum as mentioned in this paper is a transactional singleton machine with shared state, which can be seen as a simple application on a decentralised, but singleton, compute resource, and it provides a plurality of resources, each with a distinct state and operating code but able to interact through a message-passing framework with others.Abstract:
The blockchain paradigm when coupled with cryptographically-secured transactions has demonstrated its
utility through a number of projects, not least Bitcoin. Each such project can be seen as a simple application on a decentralised, but singleton, compute resource. We can call this paradigm a transactional singleton machine with shared-state.
Ethereum implements this paradigm in a generalised manner. Furthermore it provides a plurality of such resources, each with a distinct state and operating code but able to interact through a message-passing framework with others. We discuss its design, implementation issues, the opportunities it provides and the future hurdles we envisage.read more
Citations
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References
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Formalizing and Securing Relationships on Public Networks
TL;DR: Protocols with application in important contracting areas, including credit, content rights management, payment systems, and contracts with bearer are discussed.
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Pricing via Processing or Combatting Junk Mail
Cynthia Dwork,Moni Naor +1 more
TL;DR: A computational technique for combatting junk mail in particular and controlling access to a shared resource in general is presented, which requires a user to compute a moderately hard, but not intractable, function in order to gain access to the resource, thus preventing frivolous use.
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The future of law
TL;DR: The idea of a society operating without law, and so without lawyers, is much urged by those who scoff at Utopias and think of themselves as peculiarly in touch with reality as mentioned in this paper.
Hashcash - Amortizable Publicly Auditable Cost-Functions
TL;DR: A distributed efficiently amortizable CPU cost-function with no trap–door is presented which can be used in situations where the server can issue a challenge, and where it can’t (where the communication is store–and–forward, or packet oriented) respectively.
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