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Journal ArticleDOI

Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing

TL;DR: In this paper, social learning theory is used as a theoretical basis for understanding ethical leadership and a constitutive definition of the ethical leadership construct is proposed. But, little empirical research focuses on an ethical dimension of leadership.
About: This article is published in Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.The article was published on 2005-07-01. It has received 3547 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Ethical leadership & Shared leadership.
Citations
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01 May 1997
TL;DR: Coaching & Communicating for Performance Coaching and communicating for Performance is a highly interactive program that will give supervisors and managers the opportunity to build skills that will enable them to share expectations and set objectives for employees, provide constructive feedback, more effectively engage in learning conversations, and coaching opportunities as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Building Leadership Effectiveness This program encourages leaders to develop practices that transform values into action, vision into realities, obstacles into innovations, and risks into rewards. Participants will be introduced to the five practices of exemplary leadership: modeling the way, inspiring a shared vision, challenging the process, enabling others to act, and encouraging the heart Coaching & Communicating for Performance Coaching & Communicating for Performance is a highly interactive program that will give supervisors and managers the opportunity to build skills that will enable them to share expectations and set objectives for employees, provide constructive feedback, more effectively engage in learning conversations, and coaching opportunities. Skillful Conflict Management for Leaders As a leader, it is important to understand conflict and be effective at conflict management because the way conflict is resolved becomes an integral component of our university’s culture. This series of conflict management sessions help leaders learn and put into practice effective strategies for managing conflict.

4,935 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a literature review focuses on the emerging construct of ethical leadership and compares this construct with related concepts that share a common concern for a moral dimension of leadership (e.g., spiritual, authentic, and transformational leadership).
Abstract: Our literature review focuses on the emerging construct of ethical leadership and compares this construct with related concepts that share a common concern for a moral dimension of leadership (e.g., spiritual, authentic, and transformational leadership). Drawing broadly from the intersection of the ethics and leadership literatures, we offer propositions about the antecedents and outcomes of ethical leadership. We also identify issues and questions to be addressed in the future and discuss their implications for research and practice. Our review indicates that ethical leadership remains largely unexplored, offering researchers opportunities for new discoveries and leaders opportunities to improve their effectiveness.

2,542 citations


Cites background or methods from "Ethical leadership: A social learni..."

  • ...Ethical leadership has been found to be significantly correlated with the idealized influence dimension of transformational leadership (the dimension that has explicit ethical content) (Brown et al., 2005)....

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  • ...In support of this prediction, Brown et al. (2005) found ethical leadership to be associated with satisfaction with the leader and with job dedication....

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  • ...But, as suggested earlier, ethical leadership also predicted a number of outcomes beyond the effects of idealized influence (Brown et al., 2005)....

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  • ...Following Brown et al. (2005), we rely on social learning theory (Bandura, 1977, 1986) to explain the antecedents and outcomes of ethical leadership....

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  • ..., 2000, 2003) as well as a valid and reliable measure of ethical leadership (Brown et al., 2005)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review examines recent theoretical and empirical developments in the leadership literature, beginning with topics that are currently receiving attention in terms of research, theory, and practice and concluding with work that has been done on substitutes for leadership, servant leadership, spirituality and leadership, cross-cultural leadership, and e-leadership.
Abstract: This review examines recent theoretical and empirical developments in the leadership literature, beginning with topics that are currently receiving attention in terms of research, theory, and practice. We begin by examining authentic leadership and its development, followed by work that takes a cognitive science approach. We then examine new-genre leadership theories, complexity leadership, and leadership that is shared, collective, or distributed. We examine the role of relationships through our review of leader member exchange and the emerging work on followership. Finally, we examine work that has been done on substitutes for leadership, servant leadership, spirituality and leadership, cross-cultural leadership, and e-leadership. This structure has the benefit of creating a future focus as well as providing an interesting way to examine the development of the field. Each section ends with an identification of issues to be addressed in the future, in addition to the overall integration of the literature we provide at the end of the article.

2,402 citations


Cites background from "Ethical leadership: A social learni..."

  • ...…and Avolio report that to a large extent, the prior leadership development work was based on a deficit-reduction model strategy, where one discovered what was wrong with a leader and then worked to correct deficits in terms of focusing on the leader’s development (also see Avolio & Luthans 2006)....

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  • ...…authentic leadership that was discriminantly valid from measures of transformational leadership (e.g., Avolio 1999) and ethical leadership (e.g., Brown et al. 2005) and was a significant and positive predictor of organizational citizenship behavior, organizational commitment, and satisfaction…...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors developed and tested a theory-based measure of authentic leadership using five separate samples obtained from China, Kenya, and the United States, and found a positive relationship between authentic leadership and supervisor-rated performance.

2,399 citations


Cites background or methods from "Ethical leadership: A social learni..."

  • ...…(Brown et al., 2005; Treviño, Brown, & Hartman, 2003), and transformational leadership (Bass, 1985, 1998); and (b) are heavily researched and have been found to be positively associated with related leadership variables (Brown et al., 2005; Judge & Piccolo, 2004; Lowe et al., 1996; Yukl, 2006)....

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  • ...Second, ethical leaders are self-disciplined and consistent in their pursuit of clear ethical standards, which they refuse to compromise even in the face of uncertainty or pressure (Brown et al., 2005)....

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  • ...In addition to administering the ALQ, we used a 10-item scale developed and validated by Brown et al. (2005) to measure ethical leadership....

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  • ...Both ethical leadership (Brown et al., 2005) and transformational leadership (Judge & Piccolo, 2004; Lowe, Kroeck, & Sivasubramaniam, 1996) have been shown to be related to a number of organizationally relevant outcomes, including organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), organizational…...

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  • ...A review of the literature reveals some conceptual overlap between the constructs of authentic and ethical leadership (Brown et al., 2005; Brown & Treviño, 2006), as well as some notable distinctions....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Servant leadership is a new field of research for leadership scholars as discussed by the authors, and it is argued that leaders who combine their motivation to lead with a need to serve display servant leadership.

1,536 citations


Cites background from "Ethical leadership: A social learni..."

  • ...Ethical leadership as defined and operationalized by Brown et al. (2005) introduces a leadership style that stresses the importance of the direct involvement of employees, building trust, and—above all—being ethical in one’s behavior....

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  • ...Brown, Trevino, and Harrison (2005) have defined it as “the demonstration of normatively appropriate conduct through personal actions and interpersonal relationships, and the promotion of such conduct to followers through two-way communication, reinforcement and decision-making” (p. 120)....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, two types of error involved in fitting a model are considered, error of approximation and error of fit, where the first involves the fit of the model, and the second involves the model's shape.
Abstract: This article is concerned with measures of fit of a model. Two types of error involved in fitting a model are considered. The first is error of approximation which involves the fit of the model, wi...

25,611 citations


"Ethical leadership: A social learni..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...…in the model: NNFI) D .97, the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) D .98, the Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) D .04, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) D .06, were all at or above recommended standards (e.g., Bagozzi & Yi, 1988; Browne & Cudeck, 1993; Joreskog & Sorbom, 1993)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an exploración de the avances contemporaneos en la teoria del aprendizaje social, con especial enfasis en los importantes roles que cumplen los procesos cognitivos, indirectos, and autoregulatorios.
Abstract: Una exploracion de los avances contemporaneos en la teoria del aprendizaje social, con especial enfasis en los importantes roles que cumplen los procesos cognitivos, indirectos, y autoregulatorios.

20,904 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, structural equation models with latent variables are defined, critiqued, and illustrated, and an overall program for model evaluation is proposed based upon an interpretation of converging and diverging evidence.
Abstract: Criteria for evaluating structural equation models with latent variables are defined, critiqued, and illustrated. An overall program for model evaluation is proposed based upon an interpretation of converging and diverging evidence. Model assessment is considered to be a complex process mixing statistical criteria with philosophical, historical, and theoretical elements. Inevitably the process entails some attempt at a reconcilation between so-called objective and subjective norms.

19,160 citations


"Ethical leadership: A social learni..." refers background or methods or result in this paper

  • ...…in the model: NNFI) D .97, the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) D .98, the Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) D .04, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) D .06, were all at or above recommended standards (e.g., Bagozzi & Yi, 1988; Browne & Cudeck, 1993; Joreskog & Sorbom, 1993)....

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  • ...Bass and Steidlmeier (1999) suggested that pseudo or unethical transformational leaders are often abusive and inconsiderate....

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  • ...According to Bandura (1986) virtually anything that can be learned via direct experience can also be learned by vicarious experience, via observing others’ behavior and its consequences....

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  • ...According to Bandura (1986) virtually anything that can be learned via direct experience can also be learned by vicarious experience, via observing others’ behavior and its consequences. This process seems particularly important when the behavioral target is ethical conduct in organizations. Employees can learn what behavior is expected, rewarded, and punished via role modeling. Leaders are an important and likely source of such modeling Wrst by virtue of their assigned role, their status and success in the organization, and their power to aVect the behavior and outcomes of others. High standing in a “prestige hierarchy” and the ability to control rewards both contribute to modeling eVectiveness (Bandura, 1986, p. 207). And, previous research has demonstrated that models inXuence prosocial behavior (Bryan & Test, 1967; Rosenhan & White, 1967). A social learning perspective is consistent with some of the previous, but not yet integrated arguments about ethics and leadership. House (1977), Bass (1985), and Kouzes and Posner (1987) have all referred to role modeling as essential leader behavior....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a definition of trust and a model of its antecedents and outcomes are presented, which integrate research from multiple disciplines and differentiate trust from similar constructs, and several research propositions based on the model are presented.
Abstract: Scholars in various disciplines have considered the causes, nature, and effects of trust. Prior approaches to studying trust are considered, including characteristics of the trustor, the trustee, and the role of risk. A definition of trust and a model of its antecedents and outcomes are presented, which integrate research from multiple disciplines and differentiate trust from similar constructs. Several research propositions based on the model are presented.

16,559 citations


"Ethical leadership: A social learni..." refers background in this paper

  • ...It also carries the risk of negative outcomes such as reprisal, but employees should be more likely to accept such a risk if they have conWdence in the ethicality and trustworthiness of management (Brockner, Siegel, Daly, Tyler, & Martin, 1997; Mayer et al., 1995)....

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Book
01 Jan 1964
TL;DR: In a seminal work as discussed by the authors, Peter M. Blau used concepts of exchange, reciprocity, imbalance, and power to examine social life and to derive the more complex processes in social structure from the simpler ones.
Abstract: In his landmark study of exchange and power in social life, Peter M. Blau contributes to an understanding of social structure by analyzing the social processes that govern the relations between individuals and groups. The basic question that Blau considers is: How does social life become organized into increasingly complex structures of associations among humans. This analysis, first published in 1964, represents a pioneering contribution to the sociological literature. Blau uses concepts of exchange, reciprocity, imbalance, and power to examine social life and to derive the more complex processes in social structure from the simpler ones. The principles of reciprocity and imbalance are used to derive such processes as power, changes in group structure; and the two major forces that govern the dynamics of complex social structures: the legitimization of organizing authority of increasing scope and the emergence of oppositions along different lines producing conflict and change.

16,278 citations