scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Book ChapterDOI

Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct.

01 Jan 2016-pp 495-512
Abstract: 1. Resolving Ethical Issues 1.01 Misuse of Psychologists’ Work 1.02 Conflicts Between Ethics and Law, Regulations, or Other Governing Legal Authority 1.03 Conflicts Between Ethics and Organizational Demands 1.04 Informal Resolution of Ethical Violations 1.05 Reporting Ethical Violations 1.06 Cooperating With Ethics Committees 1.07 Improper Complaints 1.08 Unfair Discrimination Against Complainants and Respondents
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper introduces a novel set of concrete strategies to increase the utility of member checks as a viable technique for researchers in establishing trustworthiness and illustrates each step with an example from a research project that solicited member checks from students.
Abstract: Member checks are widely utilized in qualitative research for soliciting participant insight on research findings. Although they are appraised as the gold standard for establishing trustworthiness, limited description and detail exist regarding how to actually conduct member checks. In light of this gap in the literature, this paper introduces a novel set of concrete strategies to increase the utility of member checks as a viable technique for researchers in establishing trustworthiness. These strategies include: (a) understanding the population, (b) conveying the data analysis process, (c) reconstructing data collection memories and being open to change, (d) comparing themes, and (e) incorporating member checks into the data analysis process. I illustrate each step with an example from a research project that solicited member checks from students. This procedure can be used with a number of different populations, and with a variety of qualitative data.

282 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: CBPR is a relevant, important, and promising research framework that may guide the implementation of more effective, culturally appropriate, socially just, and sustainable community-based psychology research.
Abstract: Community-based participatory research (CBPR) answers the call for more patient-centered, community-driven research approaches to address growing health disparities. CBPR is a collaborative research approach that equitably involves community members, researchers, and other stakeholders in the research process and recognizes the unique strengths that each bring. The aim of CBPR is to combine knowledge and action to create positive and lasting social change. With its origins in psychology, sociology, and critical pedagogy, CBPR has become a common research approach in the fields of public health, medicine, and nursing. Although it is well aligned with psychology's ethical principles and research aims, it has not been widely implemented in psychology research. The present article introduces CBPR to a general psychology audience while considering the unique aims of and challenges in conducting psychology research. In this article, we define CBPR principles, differentiate it from a more traditional psychology research approach, retrace its historical roots, provide concrete steps for its implementation, discuss its potential benefits, and explore practical and ethical challenges for its integration into psychology research. Finally, we provide a case study of CBPR in psychology to illustrate its key constructs and implementation. In sum, CBPR is a relevant, important, and promising research framework that may guide the implementation of more effective, culturally appropriate, socially just, and sustainable community-based psychology research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

185 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was concluded that neuropsychologists should base their clinical decisions on reliable scores as indexed by coefficient omega, and the WAIS-IV FSIQ score can be interpreted as a reliable measure of general intelligence.
Abstract: Objective: To demonstrate that Coefficient omega, a model-based estimate, is more a more appropriate index of reliability than coefficient alpha for the multidimensional scales that are commonly employed by neuropsychologists. Method: As an illustration, a structural model of an overarching general factor and four first-order factors for the WAIS-IV based on the standardization sample of 2200 participants was identified and omega coefficients were subsequently computed for WAIS-IV composite scores. Results: Alpha coefficients were ≥ .90 and omega coefficients ranged from .75 to .88 for WAIS-IV factor index scores, indicating that the blend of general and group factor variance in each index score created a reliable multidimensional composite. However, the amalgam of variance from general and group factors did not allow the precision of Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) and factor index scores to be disentangled. In contrast, omega hierarchical coefficients were low for all four factor index scores (.10–.41), in...

156 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
16 Oct 2015-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: To measure laypeople’s evaluations of experts, an inventory to assess epistemic trustworthiness on the dimensions expertise, integrity, and benevolence is constructed and it is proposed that all three dimensions of the METI are sensitive to variation in source characteristics.
Abstract: Given their lack of background knowledge, laypeople require expert help when dealing with scientific information. To decide whose help is dependable, laypeople must judge an expert’s epistemic trustworthiness in terms of competence, adherence to scientific standards, and good intentions. Online, this may be difficult due to the often limited and sometimes unreliable source information available. To measure laypeople’s evaluations of experts (encountered online), we constructed an inventory to assess epistemic trustworthiness on the dimensions expertise, integrity, and benevolence. Exploratory (n = 237) and confirmatory factor analyses (n = 345) showed that the Muenster Epistemic Trustworthiness Inventory (METI) is composed of these three factors. A subsequent experimental study (n = 137) showed that all three dimensions of the METI are sensitive to variation in source characteristics. We propose using this inventory to measure assignments of epistemic trustworthiness, that is, all judgments laypeople make when deciding whether to place epistemic trust in–and defer to–an expert in order to solve a scientific informational problem that is beyond their understanding.

137 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An "inside-out" model that prizes the perspectives of those in ethnocultural communities that are underrepresented in research and places a secondary emphasis on generalizability is proposed.
Abstract: Race, culture, and ethnicity are critical components of the human experience, yet they are often treated as nuisance variables or as post hoc explanations for poorly predicted results. Mandates to pay attention to ethnocultural diversity in research have largely been ignored. Here, we affirm some basic principles of multicultural psychology in conceptually grounded research. We first identify the importance of clear and conceptually guided ethnocultural research, and describe multiple perspectives in the field. The first perspective, a generalizability approach, seeks to find similarities and universalities across diverse groups. The second perspective, a group differences approach, attempts to determine the generalizability and limits to generalizability across different groups that are assumed to represent different cultures. The third perspective, multicultural psychology, involves specifying and measuring the mechanisms of cultural influences on behavior in ethnocultural groups underrepresented in research. In contrast to conventional approaches to culture that apply existing models to other groups, we propose an "inside-out" model that prizes the perspectives of those in ethnocultural communities that are underrepresented in research and places a secondary emphasis on generalizability. We follow with examples and new directions for multicultural psychology research. This approach has the potential to enhance researchers' ability to answer conceptually derived research questions and in combination with the other approaches promises to enhance the advancement of psychological science generally. (PsycINFO Database Record

120 citations

Trending Questions (2)
What are the strategies used for psychologists to prevent and overcome ethical violations?

The paper does not provide specific strategies used by psychologists to prevent and overcome ethical violations. The paper primarily focuses on resolving ethical issues, reporting violations, and cooperating with ethics committees.

In one paragraph explain the code and conduct of psychologist?

The paper outlines ethical principles and codes of conduct for psychologists, including resolving ethical issues, misuse of psychologists' work, conflicts between ethics and law, informal resolution of ethical violations, reporting ethical violations, cooperating with ethics committees, and unfair discrimination against complainants and respondents.