Ethnic and Gender Differences in Willingness among High School Students to Donate Organs
TL;DR: Gender and ethnic differences in willingness to donate organs exist among high school students and efforts to increase teenage donation should focus on increasing knowledge and promoting communication about donation with others while remaining cognizant of gender and ethnic Differences regarding motivators for donation.
About: This article is published in Journal of Adolescent Health.The article was published on 2006-08-01. It has received 67 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Organ donation & Donation.
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TL;DR: This article showed that people are more willing to donate to a charitable organization when they are temporally or socially distant from the population in need, and that the willingness to donate for a specific person in need is higher when donors are close to the donation target.
123 citations
Cites background or result from "Ethnic and Gender Differences in Wi..."
...With regard to the relation between gender and willingness to donate, this research further accounts for previously observed differences between men's and women's donation patterns (e.g., Brunel & Nelson, 2000; Iredale et al., 2008; Nelson et al., 2006; Thornton et al., 2006; Winterich et al., 2009)....
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...Past research has revealed differences between men's and women's donation patterns (e.g., Brunel & Nelson, 2000; Iredale, van Vugt, & Dunbar, 2008; Thornton et al., 2006;Winterich, Mittal, & Ross, 2009)....
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01 Nov 2006
TL;DR: Donation and transplantation education is associated with improved knowledge in the area and comfort in knowing how to address patient questions and donation coursework prior to or during medical school was significantly associated with increased knowledge regarding donation.
Abstract: Purpose To measure medical students’ knowledge of the central issues in organ donation and transplantation and to understand their perception of the extent of training they received prior to and during medical school. Methods A previously validated, 41-question instrument assessing organ donation, allocation, and transplantation knowledge was directly administered to 537 first- and second-year medical students attending one of three Ohio schools from January through April 2005. Students were also asked about their support for organ donation and the donation training they had received. Results Two hundred sixty four first-year and 236 second-year students responded (response rate = 93%). Few students to date received donation and transplantation training before (11%) or during (22%) medical school. Second-year students were more likely than first-year students to have received training during medical school (40% vs 6%, P P = .017). However, both first- and second-year medical students answered the majority of the knowledge questions incorrectly (43% vs 48%, P P P = .001) and knowing where to find answers to patients’ questions regarding donation (OR = 2.76, P Conclusion Medical students have significant gaps in knowledge regarding the organ donation and transplantation system. Donation and transplantation education is associated with improved knowledge in the area and comfort in knowing how to address patient questions.
79 citations
TL;DR: An analysis of the evolution of the concept of knowing in nursing illuminates an area in which nursing has carved out its own niche in healthcare research.
Abstract: Title. Knowing in nursing: a concept analysis.
Aim. This paper is a report of an analysis of the evolution of the concept of knowing in nursing.
Background. Following the seminal contribution of Carper in 1978, knowing has been discussed with increasing frequency in the nursing literature with reference to the development of nursing knowledge. Various patterns of knowing, as well as research focused on reflection on experience, have been the foundation for activities and research designed to improve practice as well as patient care in clinical, community, education, cultural and administrative settings.
Methods. Rodgers’ evolutionary method of concept analysis provided the framework for this analysis. The data source was a search of literature published from 1978 to 2007. Three aims guided the analysis: to understand how the concept of knowing is used in nursing, how it is used in other health-related disciplines and how the concept has evolved into the current interpretation.
Discussion. Analysis revealed that knowing in nursing refers to a uniquely personal type of knowledge constructed of objective knowledge interfaced with the individual’s subjective perspective on personal experience. Knowing is a dynamic process and a result of personal reflection and transformation as the individual lives and interacts in the world. Its antecedents are experience, awareness and reflection. The consequences are understanding, finding meaning and transformation.
Conclusion. This analysis illuminates an area in which nursing has carved out its own niche in healthcare research. The concept of knowing in nursing practice and research reflects a focus on the individual experience of health and illness.
77 citations
01 Mar 2009
TL;DR: First-year medical students have a good knowledge level regarding the organ donation and transplantation system prior to their medical course, and some gaps remain which could be improved.
Abstract: Background The important shortage of organ donors is still a fundamental public health problem in France. Improving the knowledge and attitudes of health care professionals could help to promote organ donation. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the level of knowledge of medical students and their gaps about organ donation prior to any medical course. Materials and Methods A survey was conducted among 571 first-year medical students at a medical faculty in Lyon. Their knowledge, attitudes, personal views, and perceptions toward organ donation and transplantation were investigated prior to any medical course. A 31-item anonymous questionnaire including queries about personal views of organ donation, factual knowledge, and awareness of French law was distributed to the students. Results To “willingness to donate a kidney to a relative,” 97.7% of respondents consented, 0.9% objected, and 1.4% did not answer. Their attitudes toward cadaveric organ donation were different: 81.1% agreed, 13.5% refused, and 5.4% did not answer. Regarding their knowledge about which organs could be transplanted, 95% of the respondents were aware of the possibility to transplant a face and 14% thought that xenotransplantation was performed nowadays. Conclusions First-year medical students have a good knowledge level regarding the organ donation and transplantation system prior to their medical course. Some gaps remain which could be improved. The results of this study supported a greater emphasis on providing information regarding transplantation in medical schools to improve the knowledge of future health care professionals. A follow-up survey of the participants at the end of their medical course will be interesting to assess the progress of their attitudes.
65 citations
TL;DR: This article focuses on post-mortem organ donation and review psychosocial literature contributing to identify firstly, the determinants of donation, and secondly, the factors likely to increase the efficiency of donation promotion campaigns.
Abstract: A recurrent observation in the field of organ donation is that organ demand exceeds supply. Organ donation promotion is therefore required in order to diminish this gap. In this article, we focus on post-mortem organ donation and review psychosocial literature contributing to identify firstly, the determinants of donation, and secondly, the factors likely to increase the efficiency of donation promotion campaigns. Finally, we discuss the theoretical implications of our review and advance promising avenues for future research.
56 citations
Cites background from "Ethnic and Gender Differences in Wi..."
...It is important to request consent in a quiet and private place (Gortmaker et al., 1998), and to ensure that the family understands and accepts such complex concepts as brain death and the transplantation procedure before talking about organ donation (Jasper et al., 1991; Rosel, Frutos, et al., 1995)....
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...While no consistent results have been shown regarding sex and marital status (Nijkamp et al., 2008; Thornton et al., 2006; Weber, Martin, Binkowski, et al., 2006), numerous studies have shown that people with higher education and economic levels are more favourable to donation (e....
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...Regarding religious factors, some studies show that a disposition to donate is negatively correlated with the degree of religiosity (Pérez, Blanco, Murillo, Domı́nguez, & Nuñez, 1992; see also Pérez, Domı́nguez, Murillo, & Nuñez, 1993; Rumsey et al., 2003) or with religious practices (Rando, Blanca, & Frutos, 2002; Thornton et al., 2006)....
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...On the other hand, positive attitude towards next-of-kin consent increases when the deceased had signed a donor card (Blanca, Frutos, & Rando, 1996; Santiago, Gómez, Franco, & Olivarez, 1991; Martı́n et al., 1991) or when his relatives knew him to be favourable to organ donation (Caballer & Martı́nez, 2000; Jasper et al., 1991; Radecki & Jaccard, 1997; Siminoff, Gordon, Hewlett, & Arnold, 2001)....
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...A few US studies have shown that White people have a more positive attitude towards donation than various ethnic minorities (Cossé & Weisenberger, 2000, 2001; Kopfman et al., 2002; Mocan & Tekin, 2007; Thornton et al., 2006)....
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References
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Book•
01 Jan 1989
TL;DR: Hosmer and Lemeshow as discussed by the authors provide an accessible introduction to the logistic regression model while incorporating advances of the last decade, including a variety of software packages for the analysis of data sets.
Abstract: From the reviews of the First Edition. "An interesting, useful, and well-written book on logistic regression models... Hosmer and Lemeshow have used very little mathematics, have presented difficult concepts heuristically and through illustrative examples, and have included references."- Choice "Well written, clearly organized, and comprehensive... the authors carefully walk the reader through the estimation of interpretation of coefficients from a wide variety of logistic regression models . . . their careful explication of the quantitative re-expression of coefficients from these various models is excellent." - Contemporary Sociology "An extremely well-written book that will certainly prove an invaluable acquisition to the practicing statistician who finds other literature on analysis of discrete data hard to follow or heavily theoretical."-The Statistician In this revised and updated edition of their popular book, David Hosmer and Stanley Lemeshow continue to provide an amazingly accessible introduction to the logistic regression model while incorporating advances of the last decade, including a variety of software packages for the analysis of data sets. Hosmer and Lemeshow extend the discussion from biostatistics and epidemiology to cutting-edge applications in data mining and machine learning, guiding readers step-by-step through the use of modeling techniques for dichotomous data in diverse fields. Ample new topics and expanded discussions of existing material are accompanied by a wealth of real-world examples-with extensive data sets available over the Internet.
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1,831 citations
TL;DR: With the completion of a rough draft of the human genome, some have suggested that racial classification may not be useful for biomedical studies, since it reflects “a fairly small number of genes that describe appearance” and “there is no basis in the genetic code for race.
Abstract: A debate has recently arisen over the use of racial classification in medicine and biomedical research. In particular, with the completion of a rough draft of the human genome, some have suggested that racial classification may not be useful for biomedical studies, since it reflects “a fairly small number of genes that describe appearance”1 and “there is no basis in the genetic code for race.”2 In part on the basis of these conclusions, some have argued for the exclusion of racial and ethnic classification from biomedical research.3 In the United States, race and ethnic background have been used as cause . . .
1,051 citations