Euphorbiaceae: Acalyphoideae fossils from early Miocene New Zealand: Mallotus–Macaranga leaves, fruits, and inflorescence with in situ Nyssapollenites endobalteus pollen

doi:10.1016/J.REVPALBO.2010.10.002

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Euphorbiaceae: Acalyphoideae fossils from early Miocene New Zealand: Mallotus–Macaranga leaves, fruits, and inflorescence with in situ Nyssapollenites endobalteus pollen

Journal Article•DOI•

Euphorbiaceae: Acalyphoideae fossils from early Miocene New Zealand: Mallotus–Macaranga leaves, fruits, and inflorescence with in situ Nyssapollenites endobalteus pollen

Daphne E. Lee¹, Jennifer M. Bannister¹, J. Ian Raine², John G. Conran³•Institutions (3)

University of Otago¹, GNS Science², University of Adelaide³

01 Dec 2010-Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology (Elsevier)-Vol. 163, Iss: 1, pp 127-138

TL;DR: An early Miocene flora from the Foulden Maar diatomite deposit, Otago, southern New Zealand contains numerous organically-preserved fossil leaf compressions, flowers and fruits that blew or fell into a small enclosed maar lake and must have been derived from trees or shrubs growing around the lake margin.

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About: This article is published in Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology.The article was published on 2010-12-01. It has received 32 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Acalyphoideae & Acalypheae.

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Journal Article•DOI•

New Zealand Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene Macrofossil and Pollen Records and Modern Plant Distributions in the Southern Hemisphere

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Daphne E. Lee¹, John G. Conran², Jon K. Lindqvist¹, Jennifer M. Bannister¹, Dallas C. Mildenhall³ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (3)

University of Otago¹, University of Adelaide², GNS Science³

07 Jul 2012-Botanical Review

TL;DR: Well-preserved macrofossils and pollen from three sites in southern New Zealand suggest that the floras in Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene times were much more diverse at the generic level.

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Abstract: The modern New Zealand flora has a relatively low number of families and genera in relation to land area, but well-preserved macrofossils and pollen from three sites in southern New Zealand suggest that the floras in Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene times were much more diverse at the generic level. At Pikopiko, Southland, a late Eocene in situ forest with fern understory was dominated by conifers, Casuarinaceae, Lauraceae, Nothofagus, Proteaceae, and mesothermal angiosperms including palms (aff. Calamus), Sapindaceae: Cupaniae and Picrodendraceae. At Newvale Mine, Southland, a leaf bed within a thick lignite seam represents leaf fossils preserved in a late Oligocene oligotrophic bog. This site demonstrates that Agathis, Dacrycarpus, Dacrydium, Halocarpus, Microcachrys, Podocarpus and Phyllocladus coexisted with diverse angiosperms including Nothofagus, Gymnostoma, Cunoniaceae, Ericaceae, Sapindaceae and several Proteaceae. Pollen data add Meliaceae, Myrtaceae, Onagraceae and Rubiaceae to the flora. At Foulden Maar, Otago, mummified leaves and flowers, including several with in situ pollen, demonstrate the existence of a diverse flora surrounding an Early Miocene lake. This site contains numerous monocot macrofossils including Astelia, Cordyline, Ripogonum and Typha, as well as the oldest fossils known for Orchidaceae and Luzuriagaceae. This flora was dominated by Lauraceae with affinities to Cryptocarya and Litsea, but other families include Araliaceae, Cunoniaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae sensu lato, Menispermaceae, Myrsinaceae, Myrtaceae, Onagraceae, Proteaceae and Sterculiaceae. Many ferns, conifers, and Nothofagus are from lineages with Gondwanan ancestors, whereas other taxa show links to Australia (e.g., Gyrostemonaceae), New Caledonia (e.g., Beauprea) and South America (e.g., Luzuriaga, Fuchsia). Many of these taxa are now extinct in New Zealand, and therefore indicate much wider biogeographic ranges for many families and genera in the past.

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75 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

A tropical forest of the middle Miocene of Fujian (SE China) reveals Sino-Indian biogeographic affinities

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Frédéric M.B. Jacques¹, Gongle Shi², Tao Su¹, Zhe-Kun Zhou¹, Zhe-Kun Zhou² - Show less +1 more•Institutions (2)

Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden¹, Chinese Academy of Sciences²

01 May 2015-Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

TL;DR: New tropical and subtropical elements of this flora that co-occurred with Dipterocarpaceae are described that show more affinities with Indian Neogene floras than with other Chinese palaeofloras, and it is proposed that the route of exchange between the Indian and South Chinese Miocene floras passed through South-East Asia.

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63 citations

Cites background from "Euphorbiaceae: Acalyphoideae fossil..."

...Because peltate leaves are common in Macaranga but rare inMallotus and because the fossil species has a strong petiole, the fossil leaf has a closer affinity with Macaranga (García Massini et al., 2010)....
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...Macaranga leaves are difficult to discriminate from the leaves of Mallotus (Lee et al., 2010)....
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...Comparisonwith other Asian fossils: Lee et al. (2010) erected a new fossil genus, Malloranga D. E. Lee et al., for fossils that are difficult to assign either toMacaranga orMallotus....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Lauraceae from rainforest surrounding an early Miocene maar lake, Otago, southern New Zealand

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Jennifer M. Bannister¹, John G. Conran², Daphne E. Lee¹•Institutions (2)

University of Otago¹, University of Adelaide²

15 Jun 2012-Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined over 700 fossil leaves from an early Miocene finely laminated lacustrine diatomite at Foulden Maar, near Middlemarch, Otago, New Zealand, providing evidence that a diverse subtropical Lauraceae-dominated evergreen forest once surrounded this small maar lake.

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62 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

The formation of the oceanic temperate forests of New Zealand

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McGlone¹, Robert Buitenwerf¹, Sarah J. Richardson¹•Institutions (1)

Landcare Research¹

16 Jun 2016-New Zealand Journal of Botany

TL;DR: Oceanic temperate forests (OTF) as mentioned in this paper have been identified as Gondwanan or relic tree genera that are more likely to be shared with tropical regions to the north than with temperate fragments of Gondwana (southern Australia, southern South America).

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Abstract: The pre-clearance New Zealand lowlands were largely in complex, liana-rich, multi-layered conifer–angiosperm forest. Here it is designated oceanic temperate forest (OTF), its climatic envelope is defined, global distribution is assessed and origin is reviewed. Often described as Gondwanan or relic, tree genera characteristic of the OTF are more likely to be shared with tropical regions to the north than with temperate fragments of Gondwana (southern Australia, southern South America). The OTF arose out of the warm temperate to subtropical forests of Zealandia that formed during the Palaeogene. Warm, fire-prone environments in the middle Miocene permitted an influx of Australian taxa. During the Pliocene/Pleistocene increasingly cool climates, less fire and loss of old, leached soils, reduced floristic diversity. Many low-nutrient specialists and arid-adapted Australian-origin taxa were lost, along with many now exclusively tropical genera. Reduction in ectomycorrhizal tall tree genera left only No...

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53 citations

Cites background from "Euphorbiaceae: Acalyphoideae fossil..."

...The Proteaceae have a cluster root structure that allows access to phosphorus in very-lownutrient soils (Lambers et al. 2006)....
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...etation in Australia such as Acacia, Casuarinaceae, Eucalyptus, Gyrostemonaceae and Proteaceae (Mildenhall & Pocknall 1989; Lee et al. 2010) in association with charcoal-rich deposits argues for a fire-adapted flora....
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...Many of the extinct genera have extant relatives that are low-nutrient soil specialists with, as in the case of the Proteaceae, adaptations such as sclerophyllous leaves and cluster roots Uplift along the Australian–Pacific plate boundary at c. 23 Ma drove the emergence of the current landscape (Tippett & Kamp 1995)....
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...Arid-adaptation in this family appears to be a late Neogene development (Jordan et al. 2008) and the species diversity of New Zealand Proteaceae was likely to have been concentrated among sclerophyll species growing in wet, open environments on highly infertile soils, whereas rare, large-leaved species occurred in lauraceous mesophyll forest growing on more fertile soils (Carpenter et al. 2012)....
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...Firerelated traits are of great antiquity in the Australian flora (Crisp & Cook 2013) and the presence in New Zealand over the Miocene period of taxa now abundant in fire-prone vegetation in Australia such as Acacia, Casuarinaceae, Eucalyptus, Gyrostemonaceae and Proteaceae (Mildenhall & Pocknall 1989; Lee et al. 2010) in association with charcoal-rich deposits argues for a fire-adapted flora....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Palynology of the early Miocene Foulden Maar, Otago, New Zealand: Diversity following destruction

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Dallas C. Mildenhall¹, Elizabeth M. Kennedy¹, Daphne E. Lee², Uwe Kaulfuss², Jennifer M. Bannister², Bethany R Storrs Fox², John G. Conran³ - Show less +3 more•Institutions (3)

GNS Science¹, University of Otago², University of Adelaide³

01 May 2014-Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

TL;DR: Foulden Maar crater in Otago, southern New Zealand contains a thick sequence of earliest Miocene biogenic lacustrine sediments that have preserved a rich terrestrial biota as mentioned in this paper.

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45 citations

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Journal Article•DOI•

An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II

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K. Bremer¹, Mark W. Chase¹, J. L. Reveal¹, Douglas E. Soltis², Pamela S. Soltis², Peter F. Stevens³ - Show less +2 more•Institutions (3)

Royal Botanic Gardens¹, University of Florida², University of Missouri³

01 May 2016-Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

TL;DR: A revised and updated classification for the families of the flowering plants is provided in this paper, which includes Austrobaileyales, Canellales, Gunnerales, Crossosomatales and Celastrales.

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7,299 citations

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An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants. {APG} {III}

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An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants : APG III

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An update of the angiosperm phylogeny group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants : APGII

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Book•

Phytoliths: A Comprehensive Guide for Archaeologists and Paleoecologists

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Dolores R. Piperno

23 Jan 2006

TL;DR: The production, deposition, and dissolution of phytoliths have been extensively studied in the field of bioarchaeology as discussed by the authors, including the role of these artifacts in archaeological reconstruction.

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Abstract: 1 The Production, Deposition, and Dissolution of Phytoliths 2 Phytolith Morphology 3 Phytoliths in Domesticated Plants and Their Wild Ancestors 4 Field Techniques and Research Design 5 Laboratory Techniques 6 The Interpretation of Phytolith Assemblages: Method and Theory 7 The Role of Phytoliths in Archaeological Reconstruction 8 The Role of Phytoliths in Paleoecology

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1,105 citations