Evaluating the bio-removal of crude oil by vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) in interaction with bacterial consortium exposed to contaminated artificial soils
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the collaboration of Vetiver grass and petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria to clean up contaminated soils and concluded that a combination of vetiver and the isolated bacteria could be a feasible strategy for remediation of crude oil-polluted soils.
Abstract: Remediation of crude oil-impacted areas is a major pervasive concern in various environmental conditions. The major aim of this study was to investigate the collaboration of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) and petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria to clean up contaminated soils. Vetiver grass and five native bacterial isolates were used in one consortium to remediate contaminated soil by crude oil at various concentrations (2.0, 4.0, 6.0 8.0, 10, and 12.0% woil/wsoil). The presence of isolated bacteria caused a significant (p < 0.05) increment of root-shoot ratio of vetiver in contaminated soils in comparison to non-contaminated soil. The combination of vetiver and bacterial consortium revealed efficient dissipation of more than 30% of low-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and more than 50% of high-molecular-weight PAHs in all crude oil concentrations. The removal of n-alkanes in the simultaneous presence of the bacteria and plant was more than 70.0% at 10.0% of oil concentration, whereas the removals in control were 20.7, 13.7 and 9.2%, respectively. The hydrocarbons dissipation efficiency of applied treatments decreased at 12.0% of contamination. It is concluded that a combination of vetiver grass and the isolated bacteria could be a feasible strategy for remediation of crude oil-polluted soils. Novelty statementDetermination of the responses of vetiver grass under different crude oil concentrations is one of the novelties of the present study, which is helpful for demonstrating plant tolerance on polluted environments. Also, it adds information about the potential of this grass to clean up crude oil-polluted soils solely as well as in the presence of promising selected bacterial strains.
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TL;DR: In this article , a comprehensive characterization of vetiver root (VR) and vetiver shoot (VS) after being employed for phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated alluvial soil is presented.
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TL;DR: In this paper , the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in a pilot system (on-site) was validated by three simultaneous technologies (bioaugmentation (bacterial consortium), phyto- (Panicum maximum) and vermiremediation (Pontoscolex corethrurus)), and compared with 2) natural attenuation (NA).
Abstract: This work aimed to validate the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in a pilot system (on-site). Six piles of oil-contaminated soil were treated with 1) bioremediation (BIO) by three simultaneous technologies (bioaugmentation (bacterial consortium), phyto- (Panicum maximum) and vermiremediation (Pontoscolex corethrurus)), and compared with 2) natural attenuation (NA). Removal of alkanes, polycyclic aromatics (PAH), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), and bacterial diversity were evaluated at 0, 35, 70, and 112 days. Biomass and number of shoots of P. maximum, the secondary vegetation, and the abundance of meso and macrofauna were measured initially and at the end. After 112 days, BIO significantly removed more alkanes (76%), PAH (68%), and TPH (76%) than NA treatment (23%, 19%, 24%). P. maximum biomass increased significantly (300%), with 97.3 ± 11.8 shoots m−2. After 112 days, the secondary plants Lippia dulcis, Taraxacum officinale, Bidens pilosa and bacterial phylum Actinobacteria (18%) were the most abundant. The abundance of the earthworm Protozapotecia australis was reduced, while the most abundant group of mesofauna was Acari (56%–71%). This combination of technologies improved the development of grass and secondary plants, which generated a more favorable microhabitat for soil organisms to remove TPH more efficiently.
TL;DR: In this paper , the best ANN structure was proposed based on mean square error (MSE) and correlation coefficient (R) for pure cultures of Acinetobacter and Acromobacter as well as their consortium.
Abstract: Abstract Diesel oil is known to be one of the major petroleum products that can pollute water and soil. Soil pollution caused by petroleum hydrocarbons has substantially impacted the environment, especially in the Middle East. In this study, modeling and optimization of hexadecane removal from soil was performed using two pure cultures of Acinetobacter and Acromobacter and consortium culture of both bacterial species using artificial neural network (ANN) method. Then the best ANN structure was proposed based on mean square error (MSE) as well as correlation coefficient (R) for pure cultures of Acinetobacter and Acromobacter as well as their consortium. The results showed that the correlations between the actual data and the data predicted by ANN (R2) in Acromobacter , Acinetobacter and consortium of both cultures were 0.50, 0.47 and 0.63, respectively. Despite the low correlation between the experimental data and the data predicted by the ANN, the correlation coefficient and the precision of ANN for the consortium was higher. As a result, ANN had desirable precision to predict hexadecan removal by the cobsertium culture of Ochromobater and Acintobacter .
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Reynolds Saturated Hydraulic Properties: Auger-Hole, G.C. Topp Saturated Hydraulic Properties: Piezometer, G.C. Topp Unsaturated Hydraulic Properties: Laboratory Tension Infiltrometer, F.J. Cook Unsaturated Hydraulic Properties: Laboratory Evaporation, O.O. B. Wendroth and N. Wypler Unsaturated Hydraulic Properties: Field Tension Infiltrometer, W.D. Reynolds Unsaturated Hydraulic Properties: Instantaneous Profile, W.D. Reynolds Estimation of Soil Hydraulic Properties, F.J. Cook and H.P. Cresswell Analysis of Soil Variability, B.C. Si, R.G. Kachanoski, and W.D. Reynolds APPENDIX Site Description, G.T. Patterson and J.A. Brierley General Safe Laboratory Operation Procedures, P. St-Georges INDEX
4,631 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a research project was conducted to evaluate enhanced treatment of toxic organic chemicals in soil using deep rooted grasses Eight types of prairie grasses were evaluated in the treatment of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a sandy loam soil.
524 citations
TL;DR: The authors propose the development of novel multifunctional green and sustainable systems like mixed cell culture system, biosurfactant flushing, transgenic approaches and nanoremediation in order to overcome the existing soil- contaminant- and microbial-associated technological limitations in tackling high molecular weight PAHs.
498 citations
TL;DR: Plant-microbial interactions in the rhizosphere offer very useful means for remediating environments contaminated with recalcitrant organic compounds and will provide a basis for improving the efficacy of biological remediations.
Abstract: Phytoremediation is a promising technology for the cleanup of polluted environments. The technology has so far been used mainly to remove toxic heavy metals from contaminated soil, but there is a growing interest in broadening its applications to remove/degrade organic pollutants in the environment. Both plants and soil microorganisms have certain limitations with respect to their individual abilities to remove/breakdown organic compounds. A synergistic action by both rhizosphere microorganisms that leads to increased availability of hydrophobic compounds, and plants that leads to their removal and/or degradation, may overcome many of the limitations, and thus provide a useful basis for enhancing remediation of contaminated environments. The review of literature presented in this article provides an insight to the nature of plant-microbial interactions in the rhizosphere, with a focus on those processes that are relevant to the breakdown and/or removal of organic pollutants. Due consideration has been given to identify opportunities for utilising the plant-microbial synergy in the rhizosphere to enhance remediation of contaminated environments. The literature review has highlighted the existence of a synergistic interaction between plants and microbial communities in the rhizosphere. This interaction benefits both microorganisms through provision of nutrients by root exudates, and plants through enhanced nutrient uptake and reduced toxicity of soil contaminants. The ability of the plant-microbial interaction to tackle some of the most recalcitrant organic chemicals is of particular interest with regard to enhancing and extending the scope of remediation technologies. Plant-microbial interactions in the rhizosphere offer very useful means for remediating environments contaminated with recalcitrant organic compounds. A better knowledge of plant-microbial interactions will provide a basis for improving the efficacy of biological remediations. Further research is, however, needed to investigate different feedback mechanisms that select and regulate microbial activity in the rhizosphere.
479 citations