Evaluating the effect of intake parameters on the performance of a biogas–diesel dual-fuel engine using the Taguchi method
18 May 2020-Vol. 11, Iss: 4, pp 441-449
TL;DR: In this paper, a Compression Ignition (CI) engine was operated in dual-fuel mode with simulated biogas as primary fuel and diesel as pilot fuel, and the effects of four intake parameters, viz. biOGAS flow rate, metha...
Abstract: A Compression Ignition (CI) engine was operated in dual-fuel mode with simulated biogas as primary fuel and diesel as pilot fuel. The effects of four intake parameters, viz. biogas flow rate, metha...
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Book•
01 Jan 1986
765 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an in-depth analysis on the impact of alternative fuel in compression ignition (CI) engine in order to develop performance, emission and combustion characteristics is presented, which indicates an increase in peak cylinder pressure and heat release rate up to 23% and 30% respectively.
89 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a variable speed compression ignition (CI) engine operated under dual fuel mode (D+10% CNG), (D−15% CO 2 ) and (D −20% CO 3 ) at various exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates, such as 5, 10% and 15% for three different loading conditions.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the feasibility of preheating the intake charge as a means to enhance the performance of a compression ignition (CI) engine operated on biogas and diesel in dual fuel mode.
31 citations
TL;DR: A detailed review of recent research pertaining to biogas purification techniques and operation of CI engines with Biogas in dual fuel and homogeneous Charged Compression Ignition (HCCI) modes is presented in this paper.
Abstract: Biogas is commonly produced during the decay of organic matter. It is a mixture of methane and some non-combustible gases such as CO2 and H2S. Its viability as a renewable alternative fuel for internal combustion engines can be enhanced by methane enrichment, i.e. removal of the non-combustible constituents. One of the common techniques for using biogas in a compression ignition (CI) engine is to mix it with air in the intake manifold, induct, and compress this mixture and ignite it by injecting a small quantity of diesel or bio-diesel, which is termed as the pilot fuel. This is known as the dual fuel mode. The pilot fuel is injected close to the end of the compression stroke as in a conventional CI engine and the injected fuel quantity depends on the operating condition. An alternative approach is the Homogeneous Charged Compression Ignition (HCCI) mode. Here, a homogeneous mixture of biogas and air is inducted and compressed by the piston until it auto-ignites. While this concept combines the benefits of spark ignition (SI) and CI engines, the onset of combustion cannot be controlled directly. A detailed review of recent research pertaining to biogas purification techniques and operation of CI engines with biogas in dual fuel and HCCI modes is presented in this paper. The effects of various operating parameters on engine performance and emissions, and comparison with conventional diesel fuelled CI engines are discussed. Biogas improves combustion efficiency, NOx, and smoke emissions. However, it reduces brake thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, and increases HC and CO emissions. Biogas fuelling of CI engines is recommended for achieving high diesel substitution, especially under high torque operation.
26 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the variance of a human measurement from its mean follows the Normal Law of Errors, and that the variability may be measured by the standard deviation corresponding to the square root of the mean square error.
Abstract: Several attempts have already been made to interpret the well-established results of biometry in accordance with the Mendelian scheme of inheritance. It is here attempted to ascertain the biometrical properties of a population of a more general type than has hitherto been examined, inheritance in which follows this scheme. It is hoped that in this way it will be possible to make a more exact analysis of the causes of human variability. The great body of available statistics show us that the deviations of a human measurement from its mean follow very closely the Normal Law of Errors, and, therefore, that the variability may be uniformly measured by the standard deviation corresponding to the square root of the mean square error. When there are two independent causes of variability capable of producing in an otherwise uniform population distributions with standard deviations σ1 and σ2, it is found that the distribution, when both causes act together, has a standard deviation . It is therefore desirable in analysing the causes of variability to deal with the square of the standard deviation as the measure of variability. We shall term this quantity the Variance of the normal population to which it refers, and we may now ascribe to the constituent causes fractions or percentages of the total variance which they together produce. It is desirable on the one hand that the elementary ideas at the basis of the calculus of correlations should be clearly understood, and easily expressed in ordinary language, and on the other that loose phrases about the “percentage of causation,” which obscure the essential distinction between the individual and the population, should be carefully avoided.
3,800 citations
TL;DR: A number of techniques have been developed to remove H 2 S from biogas, such as pressure swing adsorption, membrane separation, physical or chemical CO 2 -absorption as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Biogas from anaerobic digestion and landfills consists primarily of CH 4 and CO 2 . Trace components that are often present in biogas are water vapor, hydrogen sulfide, siloxanes, hydrocarbons, ammonia, oxygen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen. In order to transfer biogas into biomethane, two major steps are performed: (1) a cleaning process to remove the trace components and (2) an upgrading process to adjust the calorific value. Upgrading is generally performed in order to meet the standards for use as vehicle fuel or for injection in the natural gas grid. Different methods for biogas cleaning and upgrading are used. They differ in functioning, the necessary quality conditions of the incoming gas, the efficiency and their operational bottlenecks. Condensation methods (demisters, cyclone separators or moisture traps) and drying methods (adsorption or absorption) are used to remove water in combination with foam and dust. A number of techniques have been developed to remove H 2 S from biogas. Air dosing to the biogas and addition of iron chloride into the digester tank are two procedures that remove H 2 S during digestion. Techniques such as adsorption on iron oxide pellets and absorption in liquids remove H 2 S after digestion. Subsequently, trace components like siloxanes, hydrocarbons, ammonia, oxygen, carbon monoxide and nitrogen can require extra removal steps, if not sufficiently removed by other treatment steps. Finally, CH 4 must be separated from CO 2 using pressure swing adsorption, membrane separation, physical or chemical CO 2 -absorption.
1,117 citations
"Evaluating the effect of intake par..." refers methods in this paper
...the partial removal of CO2 by techniques such as scrubbing [5,6], membrane separation [7,8], pressure...
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Book•
01 Jan 1986
765 citations
"Evaluating the effect of intake par..." refers methods in this paper
...Considering CONTACT Saleel Ismail saleelismail@vit.ac.in © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group the large number of factors involved, the statistical method introduced by Taguchi [24] has been chosen for this study....
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...Taguchi’s method employs concepts such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to identify the combination of operating variables which optimises target output parameters....
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...As a full factorial study would involve 256 experimental trials, Taguchi’s approach [24] is used to reduce the number....
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...method introduced by Taguchi [24] has been chosen for this study....
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...The effectiveness of Taguchi’s approach has been demonstrated in a number of earlier studies on engines [26–28]....
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TL;DR: An overview of conventional and developing gas processing technologies for CO 2 and N 2 removal from natural gas is provided in this paper, where the authors consider process technologies based on absorption, distillation, adsorption, membrane separation and hydrates.
514 citations
"Evaluating the effect of intake par..." refers methods in this paper
...the partial removal of CO2 by techniques such as scrubbing [5,6], membrane separation [7,8], pressure...
[...]
TL;DR: This critical review primarily focuses on the various aspects of membrane processes related to the separation of biogas, more in specific CO(2) and H(2S)S removal from CH(4) andH(3) streams.
Abstract: Over the past two decades, membrane processes have gained a lot of attention for the separation of gases. They have been found to be very suitable for wide scale applications owing to their reasonable cost, good selectivity and easily engineered modules. This critical review primarily focuses on the various aspects of membrane processes related to the separation of biogas, more in specific CO2 and H2S removal from CH4 and H2 streams. Considering the limitations of inorganic materials for membranes, the present review will only focus on work done with polymeric materials. An overview on the performance of commercial membranes and lab-made membranes highlighting the problems associated with their applications will be given first. The development studies carried out to enhance the performance of membranes for gas separation will be discussed in the subsequent section. This review has been broadly divided into three sections (i) performance of commercial polymeric membranes (ii) performance of lab-made polymeric membranes and (iii) performance of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for gas separations. It will include structural modifications at polymer level, polymer blending, as well as synthesis of mixed matrix membranes, for which addition of silane-coupling agents and selection of suitable fillers will receive special attention. Apart from an overview of the different membrane materials, the study will also highlight the effects of different operating conditions that eventually decide the performance and longevity of membrane applications in gas separations. The discussion will be largely restricted to the studies carried out on polyimide (PI), cellulose acetate (CA), polysulfone (PSf) and polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) membranes, as these membrane materials have been most widely used for commercial applications. Finally, the most important strategies that would ensure new commercial applications will be discussed (156 references).
450 citations