Q2. What is the common alternative for SS treatment in the UK?
In the UK for instance, the anaerobic digestion (AD) process 49 has become the most common alternative for SS treatment with the added benefit of 50 energy generation from methane, which has helped to reduce the net energy 51 consumption from the national grid for sewage treatment.
Q3. What is the main reason why sewage sludge is used for bioenergy?
45Sewage sludge can be used for the production of bioenergy due to its large organic 46 matter content; in fact, nearly one half of the organic matter in sewage sludge is 47 susceptible to anaerobic biodegradation, resulting in the formation of biogas (Kim et 48 al., 2014, Hindle, 2013).
Q4. What is the effect of hydrothermal treatment on the production of biomethane?
715 Anaerobic digestion was demonstrated to be a suitable option to treat process 716 waters from hydrothermal treatments for further biomethane production.
Q5. What is the effect of hydrothermal treatment on the sulphur content in the bio?
the sulphur content in the liquid fractions 451 increased from 0.74% up to 2.81% after hydrothermal treatment; that may have 452 implications for levels of H2S in the final biogas (or precipitation of metal sulphides), 453 if process waters are recycled back into anaerobic digesters.
Q6. What is the popular method of predicting the production of methane?
The use of empirical formulas to predict the potential production of methane is widely 623 accepted, due largely in part to being relatively fast, reliable and economical.
Q7. What are the current practices for digestate disposal in the UK and across Europe?
Current 58 practices for digestate disposal in the UK and across Europe include agricultural 59 application, but upcoming changes in EU legislation would make digestate no longer 60 suitable for this practice (Dichtl et al. (2007).
Q8. how can hydrothermal carbonisation be used to convert sewage into a solid fuel?
Kim 99 et al. (2014) demonstrated that hydrothermal carbonisation can be used to convert 100 sewage digestate into a solid fuel by increasing the high heating value and carbon 101 content in the resulting hydrochar.
Q9. What is the effect of the anaerobic digestion process on the soluble COD?
485486487a)During the anaerobic digestion process, substrate constituents are hydrolysed by 490 bacterial action into soluble COD.
Q10. What is the composition of carbon and nutrient species in hydrothermal products?
The composition of carbon and the nutrient species in hydrothermal products will 280 depend mainly on the nature of the feedstock and process temperature (Ekpo et al., 281 2015, Toor et al., 2011).
Q11. How many samples were collected from the Knostrop Wastewater Treatment Works?
Digestate samples 123Digestate samples were collected from AD reactors processing sewage sludge at 124 Yorkshire Water’s Knostrop Wastewater Treatment Works in Leeds, West Yorkshire, 125 UK.
Q12. How much COD was removed from the digestate?
The raw digestate (Control) initially contained 4.6 wt% of 274 solubilised COD in the liquid phase and this was increased to 31.7 wt%, 32.6 wt% 275 and 30.5 wt% after hydrothermal treatment at 160, 220 and 250°C, respectively.
Q13. What is the effect of hydrothermal treatment on the biodegradability of sewage digest?
Mumme et al. (2014) showed the behaviour and biodegradability of 108 biochars in anaerobic digestion and concluded that the addition of biochar to 109 anaerobic digesters may contribute to reduce ammonia inhibition.
Q14. how many soluble COD slurries did the consortium consume?
The results indicate that the soluble COD was consumed by the consortium of 466 anaerobic bacteria in most of the resulting slurries and their process waters to 467 produce biogas.