Evaluation for Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Rice and Rice Snack Extracts: An In-vitro Study
30 Dec 2015-Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture (Korean Society of Food Culture)-Vol. 30, Iss: 6, pp 797-803
TL;DR: Rice could be useful as a raw material for relieving child atopic dermatitis caused by snacks made from wheat and decreased NO and inflammatory cytokine levels.
Abstract: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is usually caused by foods such as wheat, egg, milk, and peanuts, leading to common health problems in early childhood with complications like urtication. The aim of this study was to evaluate ethanol extracts of rice and rice snacks concentrated until the ethanol was completely eliminated and hot-air dried. In vitro analyses were carried out using murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. We measured cytotoxicity, nitric oxide (NO) production, and inflammatory cytokine level. The NO level of the cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was significantly reduced by rice and rice snack extracts. level decreased in contrast to the LPS group, although a significant difference was not observed. On the other hand, IL-6 significantly decreased in both rice and rice snack extracts in a dose-dependent manner. The results of the present study suggest that rice and rice snack decreased NO and inflammatory cytokine levels. Therefore, rice could be useful as a raw material for relieving child atopic dermatitis caused by snacks made from wheat.
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TL;DR: The presence of chemical compounds and biological properties obtained justify the contribution of the plant in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases with inflammatory component.
Abstract: Aim of the study: The existence of numerous side effects following the use of anti inflammatory drugs has led to the present study about Waltheria indica (Sterculiaceae), prescribed in the treatment of many inflammatory diseases component to discover phytomedicines secondary effects mitigated.
Materials and methods: The chemical principles have been demonstrated by test characterization in liquid medium according the method of Ciulei (1949). In vivo, the model of edema induced by carrageenan to cause inflammation and the model of acetic acid induced pain were used to assess the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the extract. In vitro, the effects of the aqueous extract on the DPPH°°radical, the lipoxygenase and lipid peroxidation has been demonstrated.
Results: Phytochemical study of leafy stems of the plant showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, sterols, triterpenes, saponins, reducing compounds, coumarins etc. In vivo, the results showed the aqueous extract and anti- edematous effects of the analgesic of the plant. In vitro, the results revealed the aqueous extract of W. indica inhibited the radical of DPPH°°, the lipoxygenase and the lipid peroxidation.
Conclusion: The presence of chemical compounds and biological properties obtained justify the contribution of the plant in traditional medicine for the treatment of diseases with inflammatory component.
Keywords: Medicinal plants, Waltheriaindica L., Inflammation, Analgesia, Anti -oxidants
25 citations
Cites background or methods from "Evaluation for Anti-Inflammatory Ac..."
...mediators such as serotonin, histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandins and cytokines (Kouakou, 2010). These chemical mediators stimulate peripheral nociceptive neurons and increase vascular permeability (Kouakou, 2010). The aqueous extract preventively administered at doses of 100, 200, 300 mg/kg reduced significantly (P < 0.05) the number of abdominal writhing in dosedependant manner. The protection of W. indica in pain is confirmed by the works of many authors. Rao et al. (2005) reported that the analgesic effect of plant extract was linked cytokines (TNF α, IL-12) inhibition....
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...Antioxidant activity: DPPH assay The DPPH (1-1, diphenylpicrylhydrazyl) method described by Kim et al. (2003) was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract of the plant....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the extruded rice flours were prepared at 100 and 130C temperature and 25 and 27% moisture content in a co-rotating twin screw extruder, and the results of the extrusion process were examined by rapid visco analysis, hydration property analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and in vitro digestion test.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to prepare extruded rice flours suitable for baking rice cookies. The extruded rice flours were prepared at 100 and 130C temperature and 25 and 27% moisture content in a co-rotating twin screw extruder. The rice extrudates were dried at 100C for 18 hr and subsequently ground into the fine flour. Characteristics of the extruded rice flours were examined by rapid visco analysis, hydration property analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and in vitro digestion test. Water absorption, solubility, and swelling power of all extruded rice flours were higher than those of native rice flour. DSC analysis showed that native rice flour had a peak at about 65C while all extruded rice flours did not show any peaks since they were already gelatinized during the extrusion process. Viscosity of the extruded rice flours decreased with increasing temperature and lowering moisture content in the extrusion process. The extruded rice flours prepared at 130C exhibited lower viscosity than those prepared at 100C. The operating temperature of the extrusion process was critical for the starch digestion in vitro. The extruded rice flours prepared at 130C showed a rapid decrease in digestible starch content while an increased level of slowly digestible starch content was observed compared to those treated at 100C in the extruder. Cookies were prepared with a mixture of wheat flour and extruded rice flours at the ratio of 7 to 3. The cookies made with the extruded rice flours had lower spread factor and darker yellow color than those prepared with wheat flour only. Hardness of the extruded rice flour-added cookies was similar to that of the wheat flour cookie whereas their overall acceptance was better. Therefore the rice cookies partially supplemented with extruded rice flours may have a potential as early childhood foods which require soft texture and allergy reduction.
12 citations
References
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TL;DR: With IL 6 transgenic mice, deregulation of the IL 6 expression was suggested to be involved in the generation of plasmacytoma/myeloma and mesangium proliferative glomerulonephritis and the findings suggest the presence of a positive regulatory loop in acute‐phase reaction.
Abstract: Interleukin 1 (IL 1), IL 6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are typical examples of multifunctional cytokines involved in the regulation of the immune response, hematopoiesis, and inflammation. Their functions are widely overlapping but each shows its own characteristic properties. IL 6 was originally identified as a B cell differentiation factor, and thus one of the major functions of IL 6 is antibody induction. Transgenic mice have provided much needed information on the pathophysiological role of cytokines. With IL 6 transgenic mice, deregulation of the IL 6 expression was suggested to be involved in the generation of plasmacytoma/myeloma and mesangium proliferative glomerulonephritis. The cis-regulatory elements and trans-acting nuclear factor (or factors) for the IL 6 expression (NF-IL 6) have been identified. NF-IL 6 was shown to be a member of a C/EBP family, and the possible involvement of NF-IL 6 not only in the IL 6 regulation but also in the induction of various acute phase proteins was also ob...
1,290 citations
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...쌀과 쌀과자 에탄올 추출물에 의한 RAW 264.7 세포의 IL6 분비 억제 효과 TNF-α와 함께 대표적인 염증성 cytokine인 IL-6는 T세포, 단핵구 및 대식세포 등에 의해 생성되고 림프구의 기능을 활 성화시키며 생체 내의 조혈작용을 조절하는 급성면역 반응 의 유도물질이다(Akira et al.,1990; Shan et al., 2009)....
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TL;DR: A perspective on ventilator-induced lung injury is presented with a focus on mechanisms and clinical implications, and some of the most recent findings are highlighted, which are believed to contribute to the generation and propagation of ventilated lung injury.
Abstract: Despite advances in critical care, the mortality rate in patients with acute lung injury remains high. Furthermore, most patients who die do so from multisystem organ failure. It has been postulate...
460 citations
TL;DR: The lifetime prevalence of atopic eczema was 20% in children aged 3 to 11 years and there was no evidence that ear piercing perpetuated Eczema in this age group.
Abstract: Background: Atopic eczema has become more common during recent decades, but few studies have looked at its prevalence in the general community. Objective: Our purpose was to ascertain the prevalence of atopic eczema, its age of onset, and its relationship to breast-feeding and ear piercing in a general practice population. Methods: Children ( N = 1104), aged 3 to 11 years, were identified from a computerized register in a socially and ethnically mixed English general practice population of 13,314. Of these, 1077 children (97,6% recruitment) were interviewed with parents or guardians, and the resultant data were recorded on a survey form. Results: The lifetime occurrence of atopic eczema was 20% in boys (12% in the past year) and 19% in girls (11 % in the past year). prevalence in the past year was 10% to 14% in boys aged 3 to 11 years but fell in girls from 15% at 3 to 5 years to 8% at 9 to 11 years. Atopic eczema developed in the first 12 months of life in 60% of the children who had the condition, and it developed in the first 6 months of life in three quarters of these children. Ear piercing had been performed in 35% of girls and 3% of boys and was most prevalent in social classes 3, 4, and 5. More than half the girls aged 9 to 11 years had pierced ears. Breast-feeding did not affect the prevalence of atopic eczema. Conclusion: The lifetime prevalence of atopic eczema was 20% in children aged 3 to 11 years. There was no evidence that ear piercing perpetuated eczema in this age group. Breast-feeding did not protect against the development of atopic eczema.
454 citations
Additional excerpts
...우리나라의 경우 1~11세의 영유아기 및 아동기에 19.0%, 12~18세 청소년기에 14.4%로 높은 유병률 을 보이는 것으로 보고되었으며(Jeong 2015) 미국의 경우 만 3~11세 아동의 20%에서 나타나며 지난 30년 간 지속적으로 증가하는 추세에 있는 것으로 보고되었다(Kay et al. 1994)....
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...3~11세 아동의 20%에서 나타나며 지난 30년 간 지속적으로 증가하는 추세에 있는 것으로 보고되었다(Kay et al. 1994)....
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TL;DR: Treatment strategies that target the downstream consequences of the activation of inflammation, for example, microvascular coagulation or acute adrenal insufficiency, represent the latest, and some of the most promising approaches to attenuation of the septic response to improve survival, and minimize organ dysfunction.
Abstract: Objective: An improved understanding of the mechanisms through which infecting pathogens harm the host is leading to new formulations of the concept of sepsis. We review the roles of inflammation and coagulation in the pathogenesis of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and explore the potential of new therapies to restore the fine biological balance between procoagulant and anticoagulant mechanisms that are disrupted during the life-threatening processes that lead to organ dysfunction. Data Sources: Narrative review of published primary sources in the basic and clinical literature. Data Summary: Traditional models of host-pathogen interactions ascribe the morbidity of infection to the direct cytotoxic effects of micro-organisms on host tissues. However, abundant experimental and clinical evidence has revealed that it is the response of the host, rather than the trigger that elicited it, that is the more potent determinant of outcome. The elucidation of a complex network of host-derived inflammatory mediators raised the possibility that targeting these individually could improve patient outcomes, and some modest successes with this approach have been achieved. More recently, it is becoming evident that the inflammatory response, in turn, mediates its deleterious effects by inducing tissue hypoxia, and cellular injury, either through tissue necrosis or through the induction of programmed cell death or apoptosis. Thus, treatment strategies that target the downstream consequences of the activation of inflammation, for example, microvascular coagulation or acute adrenal insufficiency, represent the latest, and some of the most promising approaches to attenuation of the septic response to improve survival, and minimize organ dysfunction. The maladaptive sequelae of systemic inflammation, embodied in the concept of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, comprise the leading obstacle to survival for patients admitted to a contemporary intensive care unit. Further insights into this intimidatingly complex process will not only provide potent new therapeutic options, but promise to transform critical illness from a biological standoff, during which the clinician merely supports failing organs, to a disease that can be successfully treated. (Crit Care Med 2001; 29[Suppl.]:S99 ‐S106)
432 citations
TL;DR: This review will focus on three important molecular components of the pathway by which lipopolysaccharides activate Kupffer cells: CD14, Toll-like receptor 4, and lipopoly Saccharide binding protein.
Abstract: Endogenous gut-derived bacterial lipopolysaccharides have been implicated as important cofactors in the pathogenesis of liver injury. However, the molecular mechanisms by which lipopolysaccharides ...
423 citations