Evaluation of cadmium bioaccumulation and translocation by Hopea odorata grown in a contaminated soil
TL;DR: In this article, the potential of Hopea adorata for remediation of soils contaminated with Cd was evaluated by planting seedlings in a clay-ey soil spiked contaminated with Cadmium in the amount of 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 mg kg -1 named as; Cd0, Cd 1, CD1, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD6, CD7, CD8, CD9, CD10, CD11, CD12, CD13, CD14, CD15, CD
Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) contamination has an adverse effect on soil productivity and crop production. Phytoremediation is a long term and environmental friendly technology to remediate Cadmium polluted areas. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of Hopea adorata for remediation of soils contaminated with Cd. Plant seedlings were planted in a clayey soil spiked contaminated with Cd in the amount of 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 mg kg -1 named as; Cd0, Cd 1 , Cd 2 , Cd 3 , Cd 4 and Cd 5 for a period of five months. The highest growth performance was recorded in the control (Cd 0 ). Cd concentrations among plant parts were in the following trend: roots>stems>leaves. In order to evaluate the potential of species selected as phytoremediator, three indicators were used namely, bioconcentration factor (BCF, the metal concentration ratio of plant roots to soil), translocation factor (TF, the metal concentration ratio of plant shoots to roots) and removal efficiency (RE, total concentrations of metal and dry biomass of plants to total loaded metal in growth media). The highest total Cd concentration (290.23 ± 13.38 mg kg -1 ) and Cd removal efficiency (0.81± 0.06%) were found in Cd 5 and Cd 1 , respectively. Cd 2 exhibited the maximum total dry biomass (60.88 ± 1.78 g). H. odorata showed high BCFs (>1) and low TFs (<1). It can be concluded that this species is suitable to be used in phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated. For further confirmation, an evaluation under field condition will be needed. Keywords: Phytoremediation, Hopea odorata , heavy metals, soil pollution, removal efficiency African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(29), pp. 7472-7482, 10 April, 2012
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TL;DR: In this paper, the acid-treated rice husk biochar (RHB) was prepared by treating RHB with three acids (HCl, HNO3, H 3 PO4), each applied at 2 levels (25 N and 5 N).
Abstract: The contamination of cadmium (Cd) in the agricultural lands due to the irrigation of untreated wastewater and raw city effluents has become a serious issue with further increment being done by other anthropogenic activities This practice has become a serious health hazard for humans as cereal crops like rice (Oryza sativa L) can accumulate significant Cd and become unsafe to consume Application of organic amendments like biochar has significant reported effects on Cd immobilization and mitigation of Cd toxicity in plants Modifications in biochar have become well-practiced to enhance its efficacy, especially in alkaline soils The objective of our study was to test the Cd stress mitigation in rice mediated by the acid-treated biochar Acid Treated rice husk biochar (RHB) was prepared by treating RHB with three acids (HCl, HNO3, H 3 PO4), each applied at 2 levels (25 N and 5 N) Acid-treated biochars were applied at 2% making a total of 8 treatments including 2 controls (contaminated/spiked and non-contaminated) Rice growth, paddy yield, and Cd accumulation proved the efficacy of 5 N H 3 PO 4 treatment of RHB as the most efficient treatment Compared to contaminated control, 5 N H 3 PO4-RHB application has shown the most significant increment in rice growth (plant height 488%, spike length 364%, root length 588%, root dry weight 234%, straw yield 1329%, paddy yield 617% increase compared to contaminated control) The 5 N H 3 PO4-RHB also decreased bioavailable Cd in soil by 87%, and its accumulation in shoot and paddy by 834% and 957%, respectively compared to contaminated control The HCl treatment has shown some toxicity, which might be due to excess of chloride
40 citations
01 Mar 2020
TL;DR: The results indicated that IC8 and NC2 proved to be resistant, while IC8-B showed sensitivity when exposed to high Cd stress (50 µM), suggesting that all the three cultivars were unable to transfer Cd from the root to the shoot efficiently.
Abstract: Trace metals (TM) contamination is a severe problem in the environment and produced an adverse effect on the productivity of crops. Cadmium (Cd) is a TM ranked seven among the top 20 pollutants due to its high toxicity and solubility in water, taken up by the plants and affects their growth and metabolism. In this study, we evaluated the growth, Cd accumulation and tolerance capacities of three chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars (NC234 (NC2), ICCV89310 (IC8) and ICCV89323-B (IC8-B)), subjected to two Cd concentrations (25 and 50 µM) in hydroponic culture. The toxicity of Cd reduced the plant height and fresh and dry biomass in all cultivars. The maximum reduction was observed at 50 µM of Cd. Compared with IC8-B, cultivars IC8 and NC2 exhibited better performance with high growth, biomass, root to shoot (R/S) ratio and water content under high Cd stress. To measure the accumulation of Cd in root and shoot, an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used. IC8 and NC2 had comparatively high Cd tolerance and accumulation ability (> 100 µg g-1 dry weight), with IC8 being more tolerant and accumulated higher Cd in shoot than NC2, while cultivar IC8-B was sensitive. Root accumulated more Cd than shoot in a dose-dependent manner. The bioconcentration factors (BCF) and bioaccumulation coefficients (BAC) were far higher than one (> 1) and increased with an increase in Cd concentrations, while the translocation factor (TF) was less than one (< 1), suggesting that all the three cultivars were unable to transfer Cd from the root to the shoot efficiently. Our results indicated that IC8 and NC2 proved to be resistant, while IC8-B showed sensitivity when exposed to high Cd stress (50 µM).
35 citations
Cites result from "Evaluation of cadmium bioaccumulati..."
...The tendency to translocate Cd from the root to the shoot, as estimated by the translocation factor (TF) was less than one (< 1), except in the control media for IC8 and IC8-B, suggesting that all of them were unable to move Cd from the root to the shoot efficiently, which agreed with other findings [38,69]....
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TL;DR: Phytoremediation is an effective and affordable approach to extract or remove lead from contaminated soil in Iran and this conifer species showed the highest values for TF, TI and BCF, indicating thisconifer species as a potential candidate for phytorenmediation of lead-polluted soils in Iran.
Abstract: Phytoremediation is an effective and affordable approach to extract or remove lead from contaminated soil. An understanding of the physiological responses of different species subjected to heavy metal contamination is necessary before considering their use for environmental clean-up. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of lead (Pb) on growth and nutrient uptake in three forest species native to Iran: Cappadocian maple (Acer cappadocicum), European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and Oriental aborvitae (Platycladus orientalis). The capability of lead uptake in different organs was studied in one-year-old potted seedlings grown in contaminated soils with Pb concentration ranging from 100 to 500 mg kg-1 for six months in a nursery. Several phytoextraction parameters such as translocation factor (TF), tolerance index (TI) and bioconcentration factor (BCF) were assessed to investigate the phytoremediation potential of these species. Increasing Pb application in the soil caused a gradual decrease in dry weight of leaf and shoot of all species, while the dry weight of root remains unaffected. However, such inhibition was less marked in the conifer (P. orientalis) compared to the two broad-leaf species. Phosphorus uptake of all species slightly declined in contaminated soils. Contrastingly, Pb application did not hinder nitrogen and potassium uptake in seedlings. Atomic absorption thermo electron analysis of Pb-treated plants showed an increasing Pb accumulation in all plant compartments, although the result was more evident in the tissues of P. orientalis. This species also showed the highest values for TF, TI and BCF, indicating this conifer species as a potential candidate for phytoremediation of lead-polluted soils in Iran.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the invasive potential of A. mangium forest on the soil in Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia, and found that A mangium changed some soil characteristics due to its invasion potential.
Abstract: The establishment of an Acacia mangium plantation often alters physicochemical characteristics and nutrient concentrations of soils. We aimed to evaluate the invasive potential of A. mangium forest on the soil in Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Peninsular, Malaysia. To achieve the mentioned target, four different regions, namely, the open ground region (OG), Acacia mangium region (AM), transition region (TZ), and native forest region (NF), were selected and each of the regions was divided into six plots. Composite samples were randomly taken from subplots at 0–15 cm depth (topsoil) and 15–30 cm depth (subsoil). Some physicochemical properties such as soil moisture and texture, textural classification, bulk density and particle density, pH, electric conductivity (EC), exchangeable bases (EB) (Ca, Mg and K), cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), and available phosphorous (Av. P) were analyzed. The results of our study showed that the soil of the AM region, which was clay loam, contained clay (51%), silt (32%), and sand (16%). The chemical analysis of topsoil showed significant differences in terms of OM%, exchangeable- Ca, Mg, K (molc kg−1), N (%), gravitational water content (GWC), and Avail. P between all four regions. Additionally, the highest pH and OM of topsoil were seen in the AM region with 4.5% and 4.33%, respectively. In the subsoil, there were significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) in terms of EC (ds/m), OM (%), Exchangeable- Ca, Mg and K (cmolc kg−1), GWC, available phosphorus, and N (%) between all four regions. The highest GWC, N (%), and Ca (cmolc kg−1) were observed in the AM region with 16.00, 0.14%, and 0.64 cmolc kg−1, respectively. These results showed that A. mangium changed some soil characteristics due to its invasion potential. In summary, A. mangium showed high adaptability on degraded forest land and high ability to accumulate the soil physicochemical properties to enhance its growth.
9 citations
References
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Book•
01 Apr 1990
TL;DR: In this article, the origin of heavy metals in soils is discussed, and methods of analysis for heavy metal analysis in soils are presented, as well as the potential environment significance of less abundant elements.
Abstract: General principles. Introduction. Soil processes and the behaviour of heavy metals. The origin of heavy metals in soils. Methods of analysis for heavy metals in soils. Individual elements. Arsenic. Cadmium. Chromium and nickel. Copper. Lead. Maganese and cobalt. Mercury. Selenium. Zinc. Other less abundant elements of potential environment significance. Appendices.
4,025 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two basic strategies of plant response are suggested, accumulators and excluders, which do not generally suppress metal uptake but result in internal detoxification, and indicators are seen as a further mode of response where proportional relationships exist between metal levels in the soil, uptake and accumulation in plant parts.
Abstract: Plants colonizing metalliferous soils have evolved physiological mechanisms which enable them to tolerate metal toxicity. These mechanisms do not generally suppress metal uptake but result in internal detoxification. Two basic strategies of plant response are suggested, accumulators and excluders. In the former, metals can be concentrated in plant parts from low or high background levels. By contrast, differential uptake and transport between root and shoot in excluders, lead to more or less constant low shoot levels over a wide range of external concentration. ‘Indicators’ are seen as a further mode of response where proportional relationships exist between metal levels in the soil, uptake and accumulation in plant parts. The physiological properties of accumulator and excluder species are considered in relation to metal tolerance mechanisms.
2,035 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: In this article, the authors defined the sources of heavy metals and metalloids in Soils and derived methods for the determination of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in soil.
Abstract: Preface.- Contributors.- List of Abbreviations.- Section 1: Basic Principles: Introduction.-Sources of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Soils.- Chemistry of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Soils.- Methods for the Determination of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Soils.- Effects of Heavy Metals and Metalloids on Soil Organisms.- Soil-Plant Relationships of Heavy Metals and Metalloids.- Heavy Metals and Metalloids as Micronutrients for Plants and Animals.-Critical Loads of Heavy Metals for Soils.- Section 2: Key Heavy Metals And Metalloids: Arsenic.- Cadmium.- Chromium and Nickel.- Cobalt and Manganese.- Copper.-Lead.- Mercury.- Selenium.- Zinc.- Section 3: Other Heavy Metals And Metalloids Of Potential Environmental Significance: Antimony.- Barium.- Gold.- Molybdenum.- Silver.- Thallium.- Tin.- Tungsten.- Uranium.- Vanadium.- Glossary of Specialized Terms.- Index.
1,684 citations
TL;DR: The induction of enzymes and metal-specific changes in isoperoxidase pattern can be used as diagnostic criteria to evaluate the phytotoxicity of soils, contaminated by several metals.
Abstract: . Uptake of phytotoxic amounts of metal by higher plants or algae can result in inhibition of several enzymes, and in increase in activity (= induction) of others. Two mechanisms of enzyme inhibition predominate: (1) binding of the metal to sulphydryl groups, involved in the catalytic actionor structural integrity of enzymes, and (2) deficiency of an essential metal in metalloproteins or metal-protein complexes, eventually combined with substitution of the toxic metal for the deficient element. Metal accumulation in the cellular compartment of the enzyme is a prerequisite for enzyme inhibition in vivo. The induction of some enzymes is considered to play a significant role in the stress metabolism, induced by metal phytotoxicity. Peroxidase induction is likely to be related to oxidative reactions at the biomembrane; several enzymes of the intermediary metabolism might be stimulated to compensate for metal-sensitive photosynthetic reactions. The induction of enzymes and metal-specific changes in isoperoxidase pattern can be used as diagnostic criteria to evaluate the phytotoxicity of soils, contaminated by several metals. Lines for future research on metal phytotoxicity are proposed, involving the study of inhibition and induction of enzymes at the different cell membranes (especially the plasmamembrane) in vivo.
1,634 citations
"Evaluation of cadmium bioaccumulati..." refers background in this paper
...Metals cannot degrade inside the plant cells and can create toxicity when they accumulate above the threshold by destroying the cell structure and interfering with some of cytoplamsic enzymes (Assche and Clijsters, 1990)....
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TL;DR: This review emphasises cadmium toxicity on plants with regards to ecological, physiological and biochemical aspects and may help in interdisciplinary studies to assess the ecological significance of metal stress.
1,062 citations
"Evaluation of cadmium bioaccumulati..." refers background in this paper
...As a strong phototoxic element to plants; Cd influences the plant growth and development reversely and ceases their life quickly due to its great Arifin et al. 7479 solubility and high toxicity (Das et al., 1997; Kuzovkina et al., 2004)....
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