Evaluation of feeder monitoring parameters for incipient fault detection using Laplace trend statistic
12 Oct 2003-Vol. 40, Iss: 6, pp 1718-1724
TL;DR: In this article, a systematic and cumulative statistical approach for identifying symptom parameters of incipient faults in distribution feeders is proposed, which aims at providing a tool for evaluating and identifying the best and highly correlated parameters to the faults so that they could be used for incipient fault detection and feeder condition monitoring.
Abstract: This paper focuses on a systematic and cumulative statistical approach for identifying symptom parameters of incipient faults in distribution feeders. The proposed method aims at providing a tool for evaluating and identifying the best and highly correlated parameters to the faults so that they could be used for incipient fault detection and feeder condition monitoring. The Laplace test statistic is adopted for trend analysis of the event log of candidate parameters and applied to actual feeder event data for online detection and monitoring purposes.
Citations
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TL;DR: A survey of the various model-based FDIR methods developed in the last decade is presented, and various techniques of implementing reconfigurable control strategy in response to faults are discussed.
Abstract: Fault detection, isolation, and reconfiguration (FDIR) is an important and challenging problem in many engineering applications and continues to be an active area of research in the control community. This paper presents a survey of the various model-based FDIR methods developed in the last decade. In the paper, the FDIR problem is divided into the fault detection and isolation (FDI) step, and the controller reconfiguration step. For FDI, we discuss various model-based techniques to generate residuals that are robust to noise, unknown disturbance, and model uncertainties, as well as various statistical techniques of testing the residuals for abrupt changes (or faults). We then discuss various techniques of implementing reconfigurable control strategy in response to faults.
1,217 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe how aging characteristics of components may impact the calculation of commonly used reliability indices such as loss of load expectation (LOLE), and construct the system failure and repair history of components, sequential Monte Carlo simulation method using stochastic point process modeling is introduced.
Abstract: In power system reliability evaluation, alternating renewal process is generally used to model the failure and repair cycle of a component. This means that after repair, the component is assumed to be restored to as good as new condition from the reliability perspective. However, in practice, there may exist an aging trend in some components as they grow old. This paper describes how aging characteristics of components may impact the calculation of commonly used reliability indices such as loss of load expectation (LOLE). In order to construct the system failure and repair history of components, sequential Monte Carlo simulation method using stochastic point process modeling is introduced. Three methods are described for this purpose and this methodology is applied to the single area IEEE reliability test system. The results are analyzed and compared.
71 citations
24 Jul 2011
TL;DR: In this article, a three-layer wireless communication architecture is proposed to increase the reliability and reduce the latency of event notification in a distributed smart grid network, which is considered as an example application to illustrate the proposed architecture.
Abstract: Smart grid technology places greater demands for reliability on communications infrastructure. This work focuses on identifying requirements for distribution feeder level communications. Due to the large number of distribution components connected to the distribution level feeders, a massively deployed wireless communication network is identified as the potential technology for this application. This network would allow prioritized communication: high priority for abnormal events and system control operations, and low priority communication for asset management tasks. A three-layer wireless communication architecture is proposed in this work to increase the reliability and reduce the latency of event notification. Fault location is considered as an example application to illustrate the proposed architecture.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a fault-detection scheme with fault-current and fault-resistance measurement is presented, which is capable of detecting high-impedance ground faults.
Abstract: Many mine power systems operate with a floating neutral or are high-resistance grounded, and earth fault current is no more than a few tens of amperes. Traditional earth-fault-detection methods based on zero-sequence current have poor sensitivity in this case. For improvement, a fault-detection scheme with fault-current and fault-resistance measurement is presented in this paper, which is capable of detecting high-impedance ground faults. The scheme has been verified by electromagnetic-transient-program simulation, and a fault-detection prototype has been developed and tested in the laboratory. Results show that the scheme has high sensitivity and robustness.
50 citations
15 Mar 2009
TL;DR: In this article, the authors deal with the subject of incipient faults in underground distribution systems and their progression over time leading to an eventual permanent failure, where field data recorded from an underground distribution feeder were analyzed to identify the symptom parameters and characterize the observed incipient behavior.
Abstract: This paper deals with the subject of incipient faults in underground distribution systems and their progression over time leading to an eventual permanent failure. Field data recorded from an underground distribution feeder were analyzed in both time and frequency domain to identify the symptom parameters and characterize the observed incipient behavior. This exploratory data analysis sheds additional light on the progressive characteristics and nature of these self-clearing faults and advances the fundamental knowledge in an effort to detect such pre-mature failures before developing into a full-blown fault.
35 citations
References
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TL;DR: The authors present the results of an analysis that demonstrates that the log is composed of at least two error processes: transient and intermittent, and it is shown that the DFT can extract intermittent errors from the error log and uses only one fifth of the error-log entry points required for failure prediction.
Abstract: Most error-log analysis studies perform a statistical fit to the data assuming a single underlying error process. The authors present the results of an analysis that demonstrates that the log is composed of at least two error processes: transient and intermittent. The mixing of data from multiple processes requires many more events to verify a hypotheses using traditional statistical analysis. Based on the shape of the interarrival time function of the intermittent errors observed from actual error logs, a failure-prediction heuristic, the dispersion frame technique (DFT), is developed. The DFT was implemented in a distributed system for the campus-wide Andrew file system at Carnegie Mellon University. Data collected from 13 file servers over a 22-month period were analyzed using both the DFT and conventional statistical methods. It is shown that the DFT can extract intermittent errors from the error log and uses only one fifth of the error-log entry points required by statistical methods for failure prediction. The DFT achieved a 93.7% success rate in predicting failures in both electromechanical and electronic devices. >
216 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a microprocessor-based system for online identification of magnetizing inrush and internal fault conditions in three-phase transformers is presented, using a digital algorithm which is based on a transformer model and can be used irrespective of whether or not it is possible to measure winding currents.
Abstract: The authors present a microprocessor-based system for online identification of magnetizing inrush and internal fault conditions in three-phase transformers. The system uses a digital algorithm which is based on a transformer model and can be used irrespective of whether or not it is possible to measure winding currents. The only parameters needed by the algorithm are positive and negative sequence impedances of the transformer. These parameters are usually a part of the name-plate data. The proposed algorithm has been implemented on a Texas Instrument TMS320C25 digital signal processor. The hardware and software of the system are described. The ability of the system to identify magnetizing inrush and internal faults was tested by using a 15 kVA three-phase transformer. Some test results are reported. >
164 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the electrical performance of outdoor insulation degrades severely during combinations of factors that include surface contamination (C), ice (I), fog (F) and an ambient temperature that rises through 0 C (T{sub 0{degree}}).
Abstract: The electrical performance of outdoor insulation degrades severely during combinations of factors that include surface contamination (C), ice (I), fog (F) and an ambient temperature that rises through 0 C (T{sub 0{degree}}). Failures at operating voltage on 115-kV, 230-kV and 500-kV systems occur with increasing probability under these conditions. A new CFT{sub 0{degree}} or cold-fog test method has been developed to reproduce the flashovers at all three voltage levels. Three options are identified for improving CFT{sub 0{degree}} performance: use of semi-conductive glazes, substitution of silicone for porcelain and use of silicone coatings on existing porcelain insulators.
69 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrical performance of outdoor insulation degrades severely during combinations of factors that include surface contamination, ice, fog and an ambient temperature that rises through 0/spl deg/C (T(0/spl dec deg/c), and failure occurs with increasing probability under those conditions.
Abstract: The electrical performance of outdoor insulation degrades severely during combinations of factors that include surface contamination, ice, fog and an ambient temperature that rises through 0/spl deg/C (T(0/spl deg/)). Failures at operating voltage on 115 kV, 230 kV and 500 kV power systems occur with increasing probability under those conditions. A new CFT(0/spl deg/) or "cold-fog" test method has been developed to reproduce the flashovers at all three voltage levels. Three options are identified for improving CFT(0/spl deg/) performance: use of semi-conductive glazes; substitution of silicone for porcelain; and use of silicone coatings on existing porcelain insulators.
59 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that when the information in the chronological order of interarrival times is ignored, they often appear spuriously exponential, leading to the impression that the system can be modeled using a homogeneous Poisson process.
Abstract: Failure data for a repairable system can be represented either by a set of chronologically ordered arrival times at which the system failed, or by a set of interarrival times defined as the times observed between successive failures (ignoring repair times in both cases). The two representations are mathematically equivalent if the chronological order of the interarrival times is maintained. Methods aimed at describing the distribution of the observed interarrival times are meaningful only if the interarrival times are identically distributed. In all other cases, such analyses are meaningless and often result in maximally misleading impressions about the system behavior, as demonstrated here by several examples. That is, when the information in the chronological order of interarrival times is ignored, they often appear spuriously exponential, leading to the impression that the system can be modeled using a homogeneous Poisson process. Misunderstandings of this nature can be avoided by applying an appropriate test for trend before attempting to fit a distribution to the interarrival times. If evidence of trend is determined, then a nonstationary model such as the nonhomogeneous Poisson process should be fitted using the chronologically ordered data.
54 citations