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Journal ArticleDOI

Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Atherogenic Indices in Adult Wistar Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid Insecticides

TL;DR: There is oxidative stress in Wistar rats exposed to pyrethroids based insecticides and lowered antioxidant defenses also observed in the studied population and there was increased in weight differences with possibility of becoming obese.
Abstract: Indiscriminate use of pesticides appears to increase the production of free radicals in organisms such as humans and other animals. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pyrethroid insecticides on oxidative stress biomarkers and atherogenic indices in exposed adult Wistar rats. A total number of apparently healthy 60 Wistar rats were randomly selected for this study and divided into two groups. Thirty six (36) were exposed to 1.2 % w/v pyrethroid insecticides while the remaining twenty four (24) were grouped as non-exposed. The animals in each group were anesthetized and blood sample was collected from the inferior vena cava after days of exposure. Plasma levels of total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Nitric Oxide (NO) and lipids profiles were determined using standard spectrophotometric techniques. Plasma activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) were determined using standard spectrophotometric techniques. Statistical analysis of data was obtained and P<0.05 was considered significant. The mean TChol and HDL were significantly higher in 7days than 41days exposure, while plasma mean TChol and HDL were significantly lower in 41days than 21days exposure. The plasma mean levels of SOD, GPx, CAT, GSH and TAS were significantly decreasing while plasma mean levels of MDA, H2O2 and NO were significantly increasing from 7 days through 41 days exposure in exposed groups irrespective of the gender. In conclusion, this study observed that there is oxidative stress in Wistar rats exposed to pyrethroids based insecticides and lowered antioxidant defenses also observed in the studied population. Also, there was increased in weight differences with possibility of becoming obese. Thus, antioxidant supplements are advised as a prophylactic supportive therapy for adequate measures in preventing development of oxidative stress-associated complications among exposed individuals.
Citations
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Journal Article
TL;DR: It was concluded that the TC, TG and LDL of diabetics were significantly higher than those of the non-diabetics and may be a significant risk factor for the increased rate of cardiovascular problem in diabetic patients than normal patients.
Abstract: Fifty subjects each were used to compare the lipid profiles of diabetes mellitus patients with non-diabetic patients attending the University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Fasting blood samples collected into suitable anticoagulant tubes from both groups and the plasma was analyzed for fasting blood sugar (FBS) and lipid profiles. The FBS was done to confirm diabetes mellitus in conjunction with earlier findings from oral interview and or available historical records of the patients. The mean age of the diabetics, (Group A) was 55.30±9.30 years and their mean FBS was 11.21±2.65 mmol/L. In non-diabetics used as controls, the mean age was 46.36±7.66 years, while the mean FBS was 4.70±1.03 mmol/L. The result showed a significant increase in the total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). There was no significant decrease in the level of high density lipoprotein (HDL). It was therefore concluded that the TC, TG and LDL of diabetics were significantly higher than those of the non-diabetics. The HDL though lower in diabetics, was not significantly different from that of non-diabetics. This pattern of lipid profile in diabetics may therefore be a significant risk factor for the increased rate of cardiovascular problem in diabetics than normal patients. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, Nigeria International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences , 5(3): 271-275, 2009

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that exposure to air freshener increased oxidative stress, thereby posing potential health hazards to the regular consumers as its adverse health effect is proportional to the length of exposure.
Abstract: Air fresheners are widely used as a means of eliminating bad odour, albeit, it has been reported to be associated with some health risks. This work investigated the effect of acute exposure to air freshener on the antioxidant biomarkers of Wistar rats. Twenty-four Wistar rats were used for this study. The rats were divided into four groups of six rats each, labeled group 1, group 2, group 3, and group 4. Group 1, served as control which was not exposed to air freshener. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were exposed in a tightly enclosed cage to air freshener at 6, 9 and 12 h daily, respectively. The rats were sacrificed and blood collected in a sample bottle for analysis of the following antioxidants biomarkers; reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) after 14 and 28 days of exposure. The results showed that the blood MDA concentration increased significantly at p≤0.05 with increase in exposure time, a concurrent decrease in catalase and reduced glutathione concentration was observed significantly in the exposed groups when compared to the control. The decrease in SOD was concentration dependent, although not statistically significant, while an inconsistent decrease in the GPx and GST concentrations were observed in exposed groups when compared with the control group. These findings suggest that exposure to air freshener increased oxidative stress, thereby posing potential health hazards to the regular consumers. This study therefore suggests a reduction in exposure to air fresheners as its adverse health effect is proportional to the length of exposure. Key words: Air freshener, antioxidant, air pollution, oxidative stress.

Additional excerpts

  • ...After 14 days of acclimatization of the rats, they were exposed to gel air freshener inside a tightly closed room according to the method described by Atere and Osadolor (2017)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is self-evident that pyrethroid chemicals exposure may disrupt carbohydrate and lipid metabolism by raising the risk of obesity among the exposed groups.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to widespread use of pesticides, an individual’s lifetime exposure to pesticide mixtures is unavoidable, resulting in potentiation of toxic effects such as changing metabolic signaling temporarily or permanently due to the formation of free radicals among exposed individuals. OBJECTIVE: This study then looked at the expression of leptin and insulin receptors in Wistar rats exposed to pyrethroid and its effects on adipokines and glycemic indices. METHODS: 84 Wistar rats were randomly selected and divided into two groups. 51 rats were exposed to 1.2 % w/v pyrethroid insecticides, while the remaining 33 rats were grouped as non-exposed. The groups were divided into three different groups, each with 7, 21, and 41 days. The animals were anesthetically sacrificed and samples of blood were collected after days of exposure. The levels of total antioxidant status (TAS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), glucose and lipids were determined. Blood activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT) were also determined. ELISA was used to assess leptin, adiponectin, insulin, CRP, IL-6, and TNFα. Glycaemic indices were calculated appropriately. Leptin and Insulin expression was determined using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Data obtained were statistically compared, and P≤0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The mean TChol, TAG, and HDL-C were significantly different (p < 0.05) among the exposed groups. The serum mean levels of SOD, GPx, CAT, GSH, TAS, QUICKI, TNFα, IL6, and CRP were significantly reduced (p < 0.05), while mean levels of MDA, H2O2, NO, insulin, HOMA-IR, FIRI, leptin, and adiponectin were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in exposed groups. The relative expression of insulin and leptin genes in exposed and non-exposed groups was also shown by column. CONCLUSION: It is self-evident that pyrethroid chemicals exposure may disrupt carbohydrate and lipid metabolism by raising the risk of obesity among the exposed groups.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new automated system for the analysis of nitrate via reduction with a high-pressure cadmium column that automatically eliminates interference from other compounds normally present in urine and other biological fluids is described.

11,238 citations


"Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Biom..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...(NED) and sulfanilamide (Griess reagent) was measured colorimetrically [24]....

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Journal Article

6,289 citations


"Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Biom..." refers methods in this paper

  • ...[22], Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was estimated spectrophotometrically using Wolff”s method [23] and Nitric oxide (NO) generated from the reaction...

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Book
01 Jan 1979

5,044 citations


"Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Biom..." refers background in this paper

  • ...All rights reserved 78 thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) produced during lipid peroxidation [21], GSH was...

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Journal ArticleDOI
Asru K. Sinha1
TL;DR: A simple colorimetric assay for catalase activity has been described using K2Cr2O7/acetic acid reagent to determine values of different enzyme sources and compared with the values obtained by titrimetric methods.

4,827 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
29 May 1998-Science
TL;DR: Control of portion size, consumption of a diet low in fat and energy density, and regular physical activity are behaviors that protect against obesity, but it is becoming difficult to adopt and maintain these behaviors in the current environment.
Abstract: The current epidemic of obesity is caused largely by an environment that promotes excessive food intake and discourages physical activity. Although humans have evolved excellent physiological mechanisms to defend against body weight loss, they have only weak physiological mechanisms to defend against body weight gain when food is abundant. Control of portion size, consumption of a diet low in fat and energy density, and regular physical activity are behaviors that protect against obesity, but it is becoming difficult to adopt and maintain these behaviors in the current environment. Because obesity is difficult to treat, public health efforts need to be directed toward prevention.

2,302 citations


"Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Biom..." refers result in this paper

  • ...This might be due to insulin resistant owing to the action of oxidative stress effects on insulin receptors leading to obesity as reported by previous work [41]....

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