Evaluation of reversible contraceptive potential of Cordia dichotoma leaves extract
01 Mar 2013-Revista Brasileira De Farmacognosia-brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy (Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia)-Vol. 23, Iss: 2, pp 342-350
TL;DR: The observations suggested that the developed phyto-pharmaceutical has potential antifertility activity with safety aspects and the reversible contraceptive potential after withdrawal.
Abstract: Considering the safety-risk ratio of steroidal contraceptives, the present work was carried out to evaluate ethno-contraceptive use of Cordia dichotoma G Forst, Boraginaceae, leaves (LCD) Preliminary pharmacological screening was performed on post-coital female albino rats The leaves extract (LD50 550 g/kg bw) showed 100% anti-implantation activity (n=10) at 800 mg/kg dose level (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (BCD) was used as bioavailability enhancer to form LCD-BCD complex, characterized by DLS, SEM and XRD analyses The LCD-BCD complex (1:1, w/w) exhibited 100% pregnancy interception (n=20) at the dose level of 250 mg/kg and also showed strong estrogenic potential with a luteal phase defect Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses were carried out The LCD extract was standardized by a validated HPTLC method and two contraceptive phytoconstituents, apigenin and luteolin were isolated A detailed pharmacological analyses followed by chronic toxicity study were performed to predict the reversible nature of the developed phytopharmaceutical The histological and biochemical estimations detected the reversible contraceptive potential after withdrawal The observations suggested that the developed phyto-pharmaceutical has potential antifertility activity with safety aspects
Citations
More filters
TL;DR: The aim of this review was to provide exhaustive scientific information on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the 36 important species with medicinal value from the genus Cordia to divulge prospects for further research on its therapeutic potential.
Abstract: Objectives
Cordia (family Boraginaceae) is a genus of deciduous flowering trees or shrubs comprising more than 300 species distributed widely in the tropical regions. The aim of this review was to provide exhaustive scientific information on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the 36 important species with medicinal value from the genus Cordia, to divulge prospects for further research on its therapeutic potential.
Key findings
Leaves, fruit, bark and seed of a majority of the species were found to possess abundant ethnomedicinal value, but leaves were found to be used most frequently to treat many ailments such as respiratory disorders, stomach pain, wound, inflammation, myalgia, cough, dysentery and diarrhoea. The phytochemical investigation of 36 species resulted in isolation of 293 chemical constituents from various chemical classes. The crude extracts, fractions, essential oils and pure compounds isolated from various Cordia species were reported to have a varied range of pharmacological activities.
Summary
Many of the traditional uses of the genus Cordia were supported by the results obtained from pharmacological studies performed using various extracts or pure compounds. More attention should be given to the biological evaluation using pure phytochemicals and to identify the mechanism of actions and exploring this genus for new drug discovery.
67 citations
Cites background from "Evaluation of reversible contracept..."
...5 g/kg after oral administration.([202]) The hydroalcoholic leaf extract of C....
[...]
TL;DR: The principal botanical aspects, ethnopharmacological information and evaluation of the bioactive and pharmacological properties of Cordia, its phytochemical constituents and the most common classes of secondary metabolites identified are described.
Abstract: Species of the genus Cordia, Boraginaceae, are widely studied with regard to the various ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological aspects. They are found principally in tropical and subtropical regions of the American, Asian and African continents, where they occur in various countries. In the genus Cordia, there are many species cultivated for ornamental plants, wood and medicinal applications, where they are extensively utilized by traditional communities. In the last decades, scientific studies of Cordia species have intensified, demonstrating the great interest in phytochemical, biological and pharmacological studies. In this review, we describe the principal botanical aspects, ethnopharmacological information and evaluation of the bioactive and pharmacological properties of Cordia, its phytochemical constituents and the most common classes of secondary metabolites identified. The information reported in this work contributes scientifically to recognizing the importance of the genus Cordia as a target in the search for new biotechnological investments.
43 citations
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the principal botanical aspects, ethnopharmacological information and evaluation of the bioactive and pharmacological properties of Cordia, itsphytochemicalconstituents and the most common classes of secondary metabolites identified.
Abstract: Species of the genus Cordia, Boraginaceae, are widely studied with regard to the various ethnobotanicaland ethnopharmacological aspects. They are found principally in tropical and subtropical regions of theAmerican,AsianandAfricancontinents,wheretheyoccurinvariouscountries.InthegenusCordia,thereare many species cultivated for ornamental plants, wood and medicinal applications, where they areextensively utilized by traditional communities. In the last decades, scientific studies of Cordia specieshaveintensified,demonstratingthegreatinterestinphytochemical,biologicalandpharmacologicalstud-ies. In this review, we describe the principal botanical aspects, ethnopharmacological information andevaluation ofthebioactiveandpharmacologicalpropertiesofCordia,itsphytochemicalconstituentsandthe most common classes of secondary metabolites identified. The information reported in this workcontributes scientifically to recognizing the importance of the genus Cordia as a target in the search fornew biotechnological investments.© 2015 Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.
30 citations
TL;DR: Findings suggest that BPL may improve meat quality through the regulation of estrogen biosynthesis and may be useful for the discovery of potential aromatase modulators from natural products.
Abstract: Broussonetia papyrifera leaves (BPL) as a traditional Chinese medicine are also used in livestock feed for stimulating reproduction, adipose tissue and muscle development; however, the mechanism of their action is still unknown. Through estrogen biosynthesis-guided fractionation in human ovarian granulosa-like KGN cells, five new phenolic glycosides, broussoside A–E(1–5), along with fifteen known dietary phenolic compounds, were isolated from the n-butanol extract of BPL, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectra analysis and chemical evidence. New compounds 3, 4, 5 and the known compounds 9 and 10 were found to potently inhibit estrogen biosynthesis in KGN cells. In addition, compounds 9, 17, 18, and 20 showed strong antioxidant activity against ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) and DPPH (1, 1′-diphenyl -2-picryl-hydrazyl radical) assays. These findings suggest that BPL may improve meat quality through the regulation of estrogen biosynthesis. Furthermore, they may be useful for the discovery of potential aromatase modulators from natural products. Finally, they could be considered as a new source for natural antioxidants.
23 citations
Cites background from "Evaluation of reversible contracept..."
...Fifteen known dietary phenolic compounds (Figure 3) were also isolated and identified as syringaresinol-49-O-b-D-glucoside (6) [25], p-coumaric acid (7) [26,27], apigenin (8) [28], luteolin (9) [28], poliothyrsoside (10) [29], pinoresinol-49-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (11) [30,31], flacourtin (12) [31], dihydrosyringin (13) [32],apigenin-7-O-b -D-glucoside (14) [33], chrysoriol-7-O-b-Dglucoside (15) [34], isovitexin (16) [35], luteoloside (17) [33], orientin (18) [36–38], vitexin (19) [35], isoorientin (20) [38,39] on the basis of comparison of their NMR data with those reported in the literature....
[...]
TL;DR: Piperolactam A (PL), a representative of the inchoate skeleton of aristolactAM chassis might be the source of safe and affordable antileishmanial agents for the cure of deadly Leishmania infections.
18 citations
Cites methods from "Evaluation of reversible contracept..."
...3 mm thickness) plate prepared in CAMAG TLC plate coater (Bhattacharya and Saha, 2013)....
[...]
...The hexane:ethyl acetate (50:50) fraction showed most prominent presence of alkaloids and was subjected to further purification by preparative TLC over silica gel (0.3 mm thickness) plate prepared in CAMAG TLC plate coater (Bhattacharya and Saha, 2013)....
[...]
References
More filters
Book•
01 Jan 1973
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present methods of extraction and isolation of plant components and methods of separation, and methods for identification and analysis of the results of the extraction and separation of these components.
Abstract: 1 Methods of Plant Analysis.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Methods of extraction and isolation.- 1.3 Methods of separation.- 1.4 Methods of identification.- 1.5 Analysis of results.- 1.6 Applications.- 2 Phenolic Compounds.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Phenols and phenolic acids.- 2.3 Phenylpropanoids.- 2.4 Flavonoid pigments.- 2.5 Anthocyanins.- 2.6 Flavonols and flavones.- 2.7 Minor flavonoids, xanthones and stilbenes.- 2.8 Tannins.- 2.9 Quinone pigments.- 3 The Terpenoids.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Essential oils.- 3.3 Diterpenoids and gibberellins.- 3.4 Triterpenoids and steroids.- 3.5 Carotenoids.- 4 Organic Acids, Lipids and Related Compounds.- 4.1 Plant acids.- 4.2 Fatty acids and lipids.- 4.3 Alkanes and related hydrocarbons.- 4.4 Polyacetylenes.- 4.5 Sulphur compounds.- 5 Nitrogen Compounds.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Amino acids.- 5.3 Amines.- 5.4 Alkaloids.- 5.5 Cyanogenic glycosides.- 5.6 Indoles.- 5.7 Purines, pyrimidines and cytokinins.- 5.8 Chlorophylls.- 6 Sugars and their Derivatives.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Monosaccharides.- 6.3 Oligosaccharides.- 6.4 Sugar alcohols and cyclitols.- 7 Macromolecules.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Nucleic acids.- 7.3 Proteins.- 7.4 Polysaccharides.
8,090 citations
"Evaluation of reversible contracept..." refers methods in this paper
...LCD was screened for presence of phenolic contents, flavonoids, tannins, essential oils, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, steroids and terpenes by different qualitative chemical analyses (Harborne, 1998)....
[...]
...…164.2 (C-2), 163.8 (C-7), 160.2 (C-5), 158.6 (C-9), 148.6 (C-4′), 146.2 (C-3′), 122.4 (C-1′), 119.2 (C-6′), 114.3 (C-5′), 112.3 (C-2′), 103.4 (C-10), 102.3 (C-3), 98.3 (C-6), 94.2 (C-8); HREIMS m/z 309.0375 (calcd for C15H10O6 Na, 309.0375) indicated presence of luteolin (LT) (Harborne, 1998)....
[...]
...Isolation of bioactive constituents and standardization of the extract LCD was screened for presence of phenolic contents, flavonoids, tannins, essential oils, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, steroids and terpenes by different qualitative chemical analyses (Harborne, 1998)....
[...]
...(C-9), 128.2 (C-2′ and C-6′), 120.4 (C-1′), 115.9 (C-3′ and C-5′), 103.8 (C-10), 102.4 (C-3), 99.1 (C-6), 94.3 (C-8); HREIMS m/z 271.0602 (calcd for C15H10O5, 271.0625), confirmed apigenin (AP) (Harborne, 1998)....
[...]
...0375) indicated presence of luteolin (LT) (Harborne, 1998)....
[...]
TL;DR: The effects of substitution on various cyclodextrins properties and the forces involved in the drug-cyclodextrin complex formation are discussed, and methods which are useful in the optimization of complexation efficacy are reviewed.
2,124 citations
"Evaluation of reversible contracept..." refers background in this paper
...Application of (2-hydroxypropyl)-βcyclodextrin (BCD) in oral drug delivery is presently incorporated in various pharmacopoeias and national formularies (Loftsson & Brewster, 1996; Challa et al., 2005)....
[...]
TL;DR: The aim of the present work was to provide researchers with some helpful considerations about the determination of the rat estrous cycle phases in a fast and practical way.
Abstract: The short length of the estrous cycle of rats makes them ideal for investigation of changes occurring during the reproductive cycle. The estrous cycle lasts four days and is characterized as: proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus, which may be determined according to the cell types observed in the vaginal smear. Since the collection of vaginal secretion and the use of stained material generally takes some time, the aim of the present work was to provide researchers with some helpful considerations about the determination of the rat estrous cycle phases in a fast and practical way. Vaginal secretion of thirty female rats was collected every morning during a month and unstained native material was observed using the microscope without the aid of the condenser lens. Using the 10 x objective lens, it was easier to analyze the proportion among the three cellular types, which are present in the vaginal smear. Using the 40 x objective lens, it is easier to recognize each one of these cellular types. The collection of vaginal lavage from the animals, the observation of the material, in the microscope, and the determination of the estrous cycle phase of all the thirty female rats took 15-20 minutes.
1,322 citations
"Evaluation of reversible contracept..." refers methods in this paper
...The process includes examination of vaginal smear to observe different phases and duration of estrus cycle (Marcondes et al., 2002)....
[...]
Book•
01 Mar 2012TL;DR: This latest edition offers an unparalleled presentation of drug discovery and pharmacodynamic agents, integrating principles of medicinal chemistry with pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical pharmacy.
Abstract: Acclaimed by students and instructors alike, "Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry "is now in its Seventh Edition, featuring updated chapters plus new material that meets the needs of today's medicinal chemistry courses. This latest edition offers an unparalleled presentation of drug discovery and pharmacodynamic agents, integrating principles of medicinal chemistry with pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical pharmacy. All the chapters have been written by an international team of respected researchers and academicians. Careful editing ensures thoroughness, a consistent style and format, and easy navigation throughout the text.
1,314 citations
"Evaluation of reversible contracept..." refers background in this paper
...Probably the remarkable increase in serum estradiol levels caused a reduction in the functional life-span of the corpus luteum (Williams & Lemke, 2002)....
[...]
TL;DR: Cyclodextrins, because of their continuing ability to find several novel applications in drug delivery, are expected to solve many problems associated with the delivery of different novel drugs through different delivery routes.
Abstract: The purpose of this review is to discuss and summarize some of the interesting findings and applications of cyclodextrins (CDs) and their derivatives in different areas of drug delivery, particularly in protein and peptide drug delivery and gene delivery. The article highlights important CD applications in the design of various novel delivery systems like liposomes, microspheres, microcapsules, and nanoparticles. In addition to their well-known effects on drug solubility and dissolution, bioavailability, safety, and stability, their use as excipients in drug formulation are also discussed in this article. The article also focuses on various factors influencing inclusion complex formation because an understanding of the same is necessary for proper handling of these versatile materials. Some important considerations in selecting CDs in drug formulation such as their commercial availability, regulatory status, and patent status are also summarized. CDs, because of their continuing ability to find several novel applications in drug delivery, are expected to solve many problems associated with the delivery of different novel drugs through different delivery routes.
1,135 citations
"Evaluation of reversible contracept..." refers background in this paper
...Application of (2-hydroxypropyl)-βcyclodextrin (BCD) in oral drug delivery is presently incorporated in various pharmacopoeias and national formularies (Loftsson & Brewster, 1996; Challa et al., 2005)....
[...]