Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of 14 Medicinal Plants in Côte d’Ivoire
12 Nov 2011-Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin)-Vol. 10, Iss: 3
TL;DR: The findings provide support for the use of these plants in traditional medicine for treatment of typhoid fever and gastrointestinal disorders, and are thus, potential sources of drugs that would need to be subjected to further studies.
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the antibacterial potentials of fourteen ethnobotanically selected plants traditionally used in different parts of Cote d’Ivoire for the treatment of typhoid fever and gastrointestinal disorders. Method: The antimicrobial activity of the extracts of the plant was tested against a collection strain of Salmonella typhimurium, a clinical strain of Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by macrobroth dilution method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. Results: All the plants had bactericidal activity against at least one of the test microorganisms with both MIC and MBC ranging from 2.5 to > 80 mg/ml. Among the plant extracts, Terminalia glaucescens . (Combretaceae) Bersama abyssinica subsp. paullinioides (Melianthaceae ) and Abrus precatorius (Fabaceae) showed the most promising broad spectrum antibacterial properties, inhibiting all of the strains tested, especially S. Typhi and P. aeruginosa , with MBC ranging from 2.5 to 5 mg/ml. Conclusion: The findings provide support for the use of these plants in traditional medicine for treatment of typhoid fever and gastrointestinal disorders, and are thus, potential sources of drugs that would need to be subjected to further studies. Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Ivorian medicinal plants, MIC, MBC.
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TL;DR: Salvia sclarea essential oil damaged the cell membranes and changed the cell membrane permeability, leading to the release of some cytoplasm such as macromolecular substances, ATP and DNA.
Abstract: Nowadays, essential oils are recognized as safe substances and can be used as antibacterial additives. Salvia sclarea is one of the most important aromatic plants cultivated world-wide as a source of essential oils. In addition to being flavoring foods, Salvia sclarea essential oil can also act as antimicrobials and preservatives against food spoilage. Understanding more about the antibacterial performance and possible mechanism of Salvia sclarea essential oil will be helpful for its application in the future. But so far few related researches have been reported. In our study, Salvia sclarea oil showed obvious antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericide concentration (MBC) of seven pathogens were 0.05 and 0.1 % respectively. In addition, Salvia sclarea oil also exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and meats. After treated with Salvia sclarea oil, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images can clearly see the damage of cell membrane; the intracellular ATP concentrations of E. coli and S. aureus reduced 98.27 and 69.61 % respectively, compared to the control groups; the nuclear DNA content of E. coli and S. aureus was significantly reduced to 48.32 and 50.77 % respectively. In addition, there was massive leakage of cellular material when E. coli and S. aureus were exposed to Salvia sclarea oil. Salvia sclarea essential oil damaged the cell membrane and changed the cell membrane permeability, leading to the release of some cytoplasm such as macromolecular substances, ATP and DNA. In general, the antimicrobial action of Salvia sclarea essential oil is not only attributable to a unique pathway, but also involves a series of events both on the cell surface and within the cytoplasm. Therefore, more experiments need to be done to fully understand the antimicrobial mechanism of Salvia sclarea essential oil.
85 citations
Cites background from "Evaluation of the Antibacterial Act..."
...The incubation time of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Bacillus pumilus and Salmonella typhimurium is 24 h; Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia is 48 h (Bolou et al. 2011; Ruparelia et al. 2008)....
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TL;DR: The good antimicrobial properties of Abrus precatorius, Terminalia phanerophlebia, Indigofera arrecta, and Pentanisia prunelloides authenticate their traditional use in the treatment of respiratory diseases, and further pharmacological and phytochemical analysis is required.
Abstract: Respiratory ailments are major human killers, especially in developing countries. Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease causing a threat to human healthcare. Many South African plants are used in the traditional treatment of TB and related symptoms, but there has not been a sufficient focus on evaluating their antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of plants used traditionally to treat TB and related symptoms against microorganisms (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycobacterium aurum A+) associated with respiratory infections using the microdilution assay. Ten plants were selected based on a survey of available literature of medicinal plants used in South Africa for the treatment of TB and related symptoms. The petroleum ether, dichloromethane, 80% ethanol, and water extracts of the selected plants were evaluated for antibacterial activity. Out of 68 extracts tested from different parts of the 10 plant species, 17 showed good antimicrobial activities against at least one or more of the microbial strains tested, with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 0.195 to 12.5 mg/mL. The good antimicrobial properties of Abrus precatorius, Terminalia phanerophlebia, Indigofera arrecta, and Pentanisia prunelloides authenticate their traditional use in the treatment of respiratory diseases. Thus, further pharmacological and phytochemical analysis is required.
39 citations
TL;DR: The present study showed significant antimicrobial activity of compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4 against the tested microorganisms, which could lead to new options for the treatment of infectious diseases and emerging drug resistance.
Abstract: Resistance of bacteria and fungi to antibiotics is one of the biggest problems that faces public health. The present work was designated to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of saponins from Melanthera elliptica and their synergistic effects with standard antibiotics against pathogenic phenotypes. The plant extract was prepared by maceration in methanol. The methanol extract was partitioned into ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts. Column chromatography of the n-butanol extract followed by purification of different fractions led to the isolation of four saponins. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectra analysis, and by comparison with those from the literature. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts/compounds alone and their combinations with tetracycline and fluconazole were evaluated using the broth microdilution method through the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentration. Four compounds: 3-O-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl-oleanolic acid (1), 3-O-β-d-glucuronopyranosyloleanolic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (2), 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl(1 → 2)-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl oleanolic acid (3) and 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl(1 → 2)-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (4) were isolated. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 showed the largest antibacterial activities (MIC = 8–128 μg/mL) whereas compound 4 displayed the highest antifungal activities (MIC = 8–16 μg/mL). The antibacterial activities of compounds 1 and 2 (MIC = 16–32 μg/mL) against multi-drug-resistant Escherichia coli S2 (1) and Shigella flexneri SDINT are equal to those of vancomycin (MIC = 16–32 μg/mL) used as reference antibiotic. The present study showed significant antimicrobial activity of compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4 against the tested microorganisms. The saponins act in synergy with the tested standard antibiotics. This synergy could lead to new options for the treatment of infectious diseases and emerging drug resistance.
35 citations
TL;DR: All the four medicinal plants, particularly those tested essential oils, can be considered as potential candidates for biocontrol of M. ovinus sheep ked.
Abstract: Twelve medicinal plants and a commercially used drug Ivermectin were examined for insecticidal activity against Melophagus ovinus sheep ked at different time intervals using in vitro adult immersion test. The findings show that at 3.13 µL/mL, 6.25 µL/mL and 12.5 µL/mL concentration of Cymbopogon citratus, Foeniculum vulgare and Eucalyptus globulus essential oils respectively, recorded 100% mortalities against M. ovinus within 3 hour of exposure. Significantly higher insecticidal activity of essential oils was recorded (P = 0.00) when compared to 10 μ g/mL Ivermectin after 3-hour exposure of M. ovinus at a concentration of ≥1.57 μ L/mL, ≥3 μ L/mL, and ≥12.7 μ L/mL essential oils of C. citratus, F. vulgare, and E. globulus, respectively. Among essential oils, C. citratus has showed superior potency at a three-hour exposure of the parasite (P = 0.00) at a concentration of ≥0.78 μ L/mL. Strong antiparasitic activity was recorded by aqueous extract of Calpurnia aurea (80% mortality) at a concentration of 200 mg/mL within 24 h among aqueous extracts of 9 medicinal plants. The results indicated all the four medicinal plants, particularly those tested essential oils, can be considered as potential candidates for biocontrol of M. ovinus sheep ked.
24 citations
TL;DR: A review on the traditional uses of 15 Miombo tree species in human and animal health, as well as the status of research towards the identification of bioactive compounds is presented.
Abstract: Miombo woodlands cover about two thirds of Mozambique national territory. They provide a wide collection of goods and services to the formal and informal economies. A review on the traditional uses of 15 Miombo tree species in human and animal health, as well as the status of research towards the identification of bioactive compounds is presented. Among the 15 species selected, 12 have been screened for their biological activity and/or pharmacological properties and/or toxicity. The information gathered in this work is a key to further exploit potential new uses and future opportunities for research and valorization of the selected species.
Key words: Ethnobotanical, medicinal plants, Miombo woodlands, non timber forest products.
16 citations
Cites background from "Evaluation of the Antibacterial Act..."
...Root and root bark extracts showed antibacterial and antifungal activities (Bolou et al., 2011; Geyid et al., 2005; Lulekal et al., 2014)....
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References
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TL;DR: Two edible Nigerian macro-fungi were assayed in-vitro for their antimicrobial activities using water, methanol and ethanol as extractive solvents and generally, the extracts were selectively active on few clinical pathogenic microorganisms.
Abstract: Two edible Nigerian macro-fungi Lycoperdon pusilum and Lycoperdon giganteum were assayed in-vitro for their antimicrobial activities using water, methanol and ethanol as extractive solvents. Generally, the extracts were selectively active on few clinical pathogenic microorganisms. Ethanol was the best extractive solvent followed in order by methanol and water (P inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the ethanolic extract was between 0.75 and 4.0mg/ml for bacteria, and between 9.00 and 13.75mg/ml for fungi. The extracts were found to be stable at temperatures up to 50oC. As the temperature was increased from 60 to 100oC, there was a significant decrease in stability of the extract. The implications of these observations are discussed.
64 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the flowers of T. sanguinea can be used in association with antibiotics for alternative therapy of diseases caused by ESBL producing E .coli, K. pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Thonningia sanguinea against two sensitive and two multi-drug resistant (ESBL) Enterobacteria strains namely Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Method: The confirmation of the ESBL producing strains was done by the double-disc synergy tests and the broth dilution method was used for the determination of the antimicrobial parameters (MIC and MBC) on these sensitive and ESBL producing strains. Results: The two sensitive strains had the same MIC and MBC values respectively 3.125 mg /ml and 12.50 mg/ml. The ESBL producing strains also had the same MIC of 6.25 mg /ml and MBC values of 25 mg/ml. The extract was bactericidal for all tested strains. Conclusion: The results suggest that the flowers of T. sanguinea can be used in association with antibiotics for alternative therapy of diseases caused by ESBL producing E .coli, K. pneumoniae.
38 citations
"Evaluation of the Antibacterial Act..." refers background in this paper
...MBC was determined as the lowest concentration that showed no bacterial growth in the subcultures [11,12]....
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TL;DR: O extrato orgânico obtido do caule de Tabernaemontana angulata apresentou atividade contra a bacteria Gram positiva S. aureus y Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Candida albicans.
Abstract: Trinta e oito extratos orgânicos e aquosos obtidos de 11 especies de Apocynaceae foram submetidos a triagem utilizando o metodo da microdiluicao em caldo contra Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Candida albicans. O extrato orgânico obtido do caule de Tabernaemontana angulata apresentou atividade contra a bacteria Gram positiva S. aureus. A concentracao inibitoria minima verificada para esse extrato variou de 2,50 a 1,25 mg/mL. Cloranfenicol foi utilizado como antimicrobiano padrao. A analise fitoquimica indicou a presenca de triterpenos e alcaloides no extrato ativo.
30 citations
"Evaluation of the Antibacterial Act..." refers background in this paper
...MBC was determined as the lowest concentration that showed no bacterial growth in the subcultures [11,12]....
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01 May 2003
29 citations
"Evaluation of the Antibacterial Act..." refers background in this paper
...Previous studies also indicate that ethanol was the best solvent for extracting antimicrobial substances from some plants [17,18]....
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TL;DR: The results demonstrate that the ethanol extract of the leaves of Stachys pseudopinardii has significant antimicrobial activity and suggest that it may be useful in the treatment of infections.
Abstract: Purpose: The ethanol extract of the leaves of Stachys pseudopinardii R. Bhattacharjee and Hub.–Mor. (Lamiaceae) were investigated for their antimicrobial activities. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of the leaf extract of the plant was tested against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Escherichia coli ATCC 10538, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6899, Salmonella typhimurium CCM 5445 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, as well as Candida albicans ATCC 10239, Debaryomyces hansenii DSM 70238, Kluyveromyces fragilis ATCC 8608 and Rhodotorula rubra DSM 70403, by disc diffusion and microdilution methods. Selected antibacterial agents (penicillin, tobramycin and ampicillin) and antifungal agents (nystatin, clotrimazole and ketoconazole) antibiotics were used as positive reference standards in the tests. Results: The extracts showed strong antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, with an inhibition zone of 25.0 mm, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 16 and 32 µg/mL, respectively. Debaryomyces hansenii DSM 70238 was among the most susceptible of the yeast cultures, with an inhibition zone of 17.0 mm and MIC and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 32 and 32 µg/mL, respectively. The extract exhibited moderate activity against the other test microorganisms. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the ethanol extract of the leaves of Stachys pseudopinardii has significant antimicrobial activity and suggest that it may be useful in the treatment of infections.
23 citations
"Evaluation of the Antibacterial Act..." refers background in this paper
...Previous studies also indicate that ethanol was the best solvent for extracting antimicrobial substances from some plants [17,18]....
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